The colloidal synthesis of one-dimensional metal halide perovskite nanocrystals with precisely controlled diameter (D) and length (L) values is challenging due to the intrinsic structural symmetry and ionic crystal nature of the perovskites. This hinders investigation into their size- and shape-dependent properties and prevents their application. Here we report a general platform of cylindrical unimolecular nanoreactors to synthesize a library of one-dimensional perovskite nanorods (NRs) with tailored dimensions (D ≈ 7–16 nm; L ≈ 40–220 nm), compositions (all-inorganic perovskites; organic–inorganic perovskites; lead-free double perovskites) and enhanced colloidal, photo, polar-solvent and thermal stabilities. The dependence of the charge-carrier dynamics, photoluminescence quantum yield and optical anisotropy of the perovskite NRs on the diameter and length was examined. Decreasing the diameter yields opposite trends in the photoluminescence quantum yields and charge-carrier dynamics to that of increasing the length. In addition, enhanced structural anisotropy (that is, a higher aspect ratio of L/D) always increases the optical anisotropy of the perovskite NRs. By leveraging the cylindrical unimolecules as nanoreactors, a rich variety of uniform perovskite NRs with controllable dimensions, compositions and enhanced stabilities can be designed for use as building blocks for a variety of applications, such as in optoelectronic devices, catalysis and sensors.

由于钙钛矿固有的结构对称性和离子晶体性质，具有精确控制直径 ( D ) 和长度 ( L ) 值的一维金属卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶体的胶体合成具有挑战性。这阻碍了对其尺寸和形状相关特性的调查，并阻碍了它们的应用。在这里，我们报告了一个圆柱形单分子纳米反应器的通用平台，以合成具有定制尺寸（ D≈7-16nm  ；L）的一维钙钛矿纳米棒（NRs）库。 ≈ 40–220 nm），成分（全无机钙钛矿；有机-无机钙钛矿；无铅双钙钛矿）和增强的胶体、光、极性溶剂和热稳定性。研究了钙钛矿 NR 的载流子动力学、光致发光量子产率和光学各向异性对直径和长度的依赖性。减小直径在光致发光量子产率和电荷载流子动力学方面产生与增加长度相反的趋势。此外，增强的结构各向异性（即L / D的纵横比更高）总是增加钙钛矿 NR 的光学各向异性。通过利用圆柱形单分子作为纳米反应器，可以设计出多种具有可控尺寸、组成和增强稳定性的均匀钙钛矿 NR，用作各种应用的构建块，例如光电设备、催化和传感器。