Anti-dip rock slopes are widely developed and distributed in the Three Rivers basin in China, and associated deformation and damage phenomena are especially prominent among slope problems, including composite toppling under internal and external dynamic coupling. Through a model test of similar material, the entire sliding-toppling composite deformation and failure process of an anti-dip rock slope under an external load is studied. The macroscopic deformation, rock displacement, and maximum flexural surface in the process of slope deformation and failure are analyzed, and the composite toppling failure mechanism and evolution law of the anti-dip layered rock slope under various stress conditions are revealed. A physical model is validated by inverting the Zongrong landslide through discrete element numerical simulations, and the anti-dip rock slope with composite toppling deformation is divided. The research results show that (1) block toppling-shear slip damage occurs in the toe area, which is accompanied by the maximum flexural surface, the lower rock layer shows multilayer flexural toppling, the upper rock layer is relatively stable, and the slope is zoned according to the D_f value; (2) deep dissection of the river is a precondition of such slope toppling deformation, while rainfall was a predisposing factor for the Zongrong landslide; and (3) the failure mode of the anti-dip rock slope under an external load is generalized into five main stages, shear slip of the slope toe → block toppling of the slope toe → maximum flexural surface → deep flexural toppling of the rock stratum under the flexural surface → penetration of the main fracture surface, and verified using the discrete element numerical model.

反倾岩质边坡在我国三江流域广泛发育分布，其变形破坏现象在边坡问题中尤为突出，其中内外动力耦合下的复合倾倒问题尤为突出。通过同类材料模型试验，研究了外荷载作用下反倾岩质边坡滑倒复合变形破坏的全过程。分析了边坡变形破坏过程中的宏观变形、岩体位移和最大弯曲面，揭示了反倾层状岩质边坡在各种应力​​条件下的复合倾倒破坏机制和演化规律。通过离散元数值模拟反演 Zongrong 滑坡，验证了物理模型，并划分出复合倾倒变形的反倾岩质边坡。研究结果表明：（1）块体倾覆-剪切滑移破坏发生在趾部，并伴有最大弯曲面，下层岩层表现为多层弯曲倾倒，上层岩层相对稳定，边坡为分区根据D _f值；(2) 河流的深切是此类边坡倾倒变形的前提条件，而降雨是宗融滑坡的诱发因素；(3)反倾岩质边坡在外荷载作用下的破坏模式概括为五个主要阶段，即坡脚剪切滑移→坡脚块状倾倒→最大弯曲面→岩层深度弯曲倾倒弯曲面下→主断裂面穿透，并采用离散元数值模型进行验证。