Carbon capture is one of the important technical means to achieve CO₂ reduction. Recently, many efforts have been made to improve the CO₂ separation performance of existing membrane materials to further expand their wide application in carbon capture processes. Microporous membranes have been proposed as an alternative separation membrane to enhance the performance of integrated gas separation. Owing to the advantages of 2D microporous materials themselves such as uniformly distributed nanopores and high spreading chord ratio. So, the research of 2D microporous membranes have an important application potential for the development of gas partitioning membranes. In this review, strategies for the preparation of 2D microporous materials are briefly introduced. The latest research progress of emerging 2D microporous membranes including graphitic phase carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), porous graphene oxide (PGO), metal organic framework (MOF) and covalent organic framework (COF)-based membranes for high-performance CO₂ capture in the last three years is highlighted. Meanwhile, the potential advantages of 2D microporous membranes for the development of gas separation membranes are analyzed. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives toward the application of 2D microporous membranes for gas separation are discussed.