A universal method for the preparation of high-yield and high N content porous carbide is reported. Nine type composite salts are assisted to carbonize coal tar pitch (CTP) in muffle furnace in air atmosphere. The mechanism of composite salt assisted carbonization of CTP is studied systematically. The composite salt is consist of heat labile ammonium salts component that can decompose producing gas at low temperature and stalbe inorganic salts component that can generate molten salt at high carbonization temperature. The two components can protect CTP in the whole carbonization process in air. These composite salts play the triple role of protection CTP from oxidation and combustion, activator and heteroatom source. The carbon yield is up to 50 wt%, and the scale-up experiment can also get high yield. The porous carbide prepared by NH₄Cl/(NH₄PO₃)_n has a high N content (10.39 at%) and high yield (56.0 wt%), and it exhibits an excellent specific capacitance (374.3 F g⁻¹). In addition, the assembled ammonium ion supercapacitor with the prepared porous carbide and (NH₄)₃PO₄ electrolyte shows high energy density (24.1 Wh kg⁻¹). The work uncovers a universal and feasible way to prepare high carbon yield porous carbon materials with large scale industrial production in air.

报道了一种制备高产率和高 N 含量多孔碳化物的通用方法。九种复合盐辅助煤焦油沥青(CTP)在马弗炉中在空气气氛中碳化。系统研究了CTP复合盐辅助碳化的机理。该复合盐由在低温下分解生成气体的热不稳定铵盐组分和在高碳化温度下生成熔盐的稳定无机盐组分组成。这两种成分在空气中的整个碳化过程中都可以保护CTP。这些复合盐起到保护CTP不被氧化的三重作用以及燃烧、活化剂和杂原子源。碳产率高达50 wt%，放大实验也可以获得高产率。_{由NH 4}Cl/(NH₄PO₃)_n制备的多孔碳化物具有高N含量(10.39 at%)和高产率(56.0 wt%)，并表现出优异的比电容(374.3 F g^-1)。此外，用制备的多孔碳化物和(NH ₄)₃PO₄电解质组装的铵离子超级电容器显示出高能量密度（24.1 Wh kg^-1). 这项工作揭示了一种在空气中大规模工业生产制备高碳产率多孔碳材料的普遍可行的方法。