Large quantities of sludge known as water treatment residuals (WTRs) are generated from water treatment facilities across the world. Various attempts have been made to reuse these residuals. Among the different applications of WTRs, their reuse in water and wastewater treatment has received more attention. However, direct application of raw WTRs is associated with some limitations. In the last decade, in order to improve their characteristics, numerous investigators have modified WTRs by different methods. This paper reviews the different methods applied to WTRs to enhance their characteristics. The effects of these modifications on their characteristics are explained. The applications of modified WTRs as a filtration/adsorption medium for treating textile/dye wastewater, groundwater containing different anionic and cationic pollutants, storm water runoff, and as a substrate in constructed wetlands are presented in detail. Future research needs are highlighted. The review clearly indicates the potential of different modification methods to improve the removal of a variety of pollutants by WTRs from water and wastewater.

世界各地的水处理设施都会产生大量被称为水处理残留物 (WTR) 的污泥。已经进行了各种尝试来重新使用这些残留物。在 WTR 的不同应用中，它们在水和废水处理中的再利用受到了更多的关注。然而，直接应用原始 WTRs 有一些限制。在过去的十年中，为了改善其特性，许多研究人员通过不同的方法对 WTR 进行了修改。本文回顾了应用于 WTR 以增强其特性的不同方法。解释了这些修改对其特性的影响。改性WTR作为过滤/吸附介质在处理纺织/染料废水、含有不同阴离子和阳离子污染物的地下水中的应用，详细介绍了雨水径流，以及作为人工湿地基质的情况。强调了未来的研究需求。审查清楚地表明了不同的修改方法的潜力，以提高 WTR 从水和废水中去除各种污染物的能力。