Controlling the perovskite morphology and defects at the buried perovskite-substrate interface is challenging for inverted perovskite solar cells. In this work, we report an amphiphilic molecular hole transporter, (2-(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)-1-cyanovinyl)phosphonic acid, that features a multifunctional cyanovinyl phosphonic acid group and forms a superwetting underlayer for perovskite deposition, which enables high-quality perovskite films with minimized defects at the buried interface. The resulting perovskite film has a photoluminescence quantum yield of 17% and a Shockley-Read-Hall lifetime of nearly 7 microseconds and achieved a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.4% with an open-circuit voltage of 1.21 volts and a fill factor of 84.7%. In addition, 1–square centimeter cells and 10–square centimeter minimodules show PCEs of 23.4 and 22.0%, respectively. Encapsulated modules exhibited high stability under both operational and damp heat test conditions.

中文翻译：

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最小化高效倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池的掩埋界面缺陷

控制掩埋的钙钛矿-基板界面处的钙钛矿形态和缺陷对于倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池而言具有挑战性。在这项工作中，我们报道了一种两亲性分子空穴转运蛋白，(2-(4-(双(4-甲氧基苯基)氨基)苯基)-1-氰基乙烯基)膦酸，它具有多功能氰基乙烯基膦酸基团并形成超润湿底层用于钙钛矿沉积，这使得高质量的钙钛矿薄膜能够在掩埋界面处具有最小的缺陷。由此产生的钙钛矿薄膜具有 17% 的光致发光量子产率和近 7 微秒的 Shockley-Read-Hall 寿命，并实现了 25.4% 的认证功率转换效率 (PCE)，开路电压为 1.21 伏，填充因子为84.7%。此外，1 平方厘米电池和 10 平方厘米微型模块的 PCE 分别为 23.4% 和 22.0%。封装模块在操作和湿热测试条件下均表现出高稳定性。