By integrating sensing, memory and processing functionalities, biological nervous systems are energy and area efficient. Emulating such capabilities in artificial systems is, however, challenging and is limited by the device heterogeneity of sensing and processing cores. Here we report an organic electrochemical transistor capable of sensing, memory and processing. The device has a vertical traverse architecture and a crystalline–amorphous channel that can be selectively doped by ions to enable two reconfigurable modes: a volatile receptor and a non-volatile synapse. As a volatile receptor, the device is capable of multi-modal sensing and is responsive to stimuli such as ions and light. As a non-volatile synapse, it is capable of 10-bit analogue states, low switching stochasticity and good state retention. We also show that the homogeneous integration of the devices could provide functions such as conditioned reflexes and could be used for real-time cardiac disease diagnoses via reservoir computing.

通过集成传感、记忆和处理功能，生物神经系统具有能量和面积效率。然而，在人工系统中模拟此类功能具有挑战性，并且受到传感和处理核心的设备异质性的限制。在这里，我们报告了一种能够传感、存储和处理的有机电化学晶体管。该器件具有垂直横向结构和结晶-非晶通道，可以选择性地掺杂离子以实现两种可重构模式：挥发性受体和非挥发性突触。作为挥发性受体，该装置能够进行多模态传感，并对离子和光等刺激做出反应。作为一种非易失性突触，它具有 10 位模拟状态、低切换随机性和良好的状态保持能力。