Stormwater runoff from roadways is a global threat to water quality, aquatic organisms, and ecosystems. Tire tread wear particles (TWP) from roadway runoff may lead to urban runoff mortality syndrome (URMS) in some aquatic organisms. We tested the hypothesis that urban runoff from roadways can kill zooplankton. Both roadway runoff and TWP leachate were acutely lethal to a model species, the water flea Daphnia pulex. Life table experiments further revealed the lowered survival rates, intrinsic rate of increase, average life span, and net productive rate of D. pulex when exposed to roadway runoff and TWP leachate. The tire rubber antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) mainly contributed to the TWP toxicity. The toxicity of TWP and 6PPD extracted varied with time in nature. Cladocerans and rotifers were more sensitive to TWP and 6PPD than copepods. These results demonstrate the presence of URMS in zooplankton, which may cascade through food webs and affect aquatic ecosystems.

道路雨水径流对水质、水生生物和生态系统构成全球性威胁。道路径流中的轮胎胎面磨损颗粒 (TWP) 可能会导致某些水生生物出现城市径流死亡综合症 (URMS)。我们测试了城市道路径流可以杀死浮游动物的假设。道路径流和 TWP 渗滤液对模式物种水蚤（水蚤）具有严重致命性。生命表实验进一步揭示了当暴露于巷道径流和TWP渗滤液时， D. pulex的存活率、内在增长率、平均寿命和净生产率降低。轮胎橡胶防老剂N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N'-苯基对苯二胺(6PPD)是TWP毒性的主要原因。提取的TWP和6PPD的毒性随着时间的推移而变化。枝角类和轮虫对 TWP 和 6PPD 比桡足类更敏感。这些结果表明浮游动物中存在 URMS，它可能通过食物网级联并影响水生生态系统。