Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapies: Synergy Opportunities for Nanomedicine,ACS Nano

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Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapies: Synergy Opportunities for Nanomedicine
ACS Nano ( IF 15.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 , DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00891
Marta Overchuk _{1,

2} , Robert A Weersink _{1,

3,

4,

5} , Brian C Wilson _{1,

3} , Gang Zheng _{1,

3,

4}

Affiliation

Tumoricidal photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapies harness light to eliminate cancer cells with spatiotemporal precision by either generating reactive oxygen species or increasing temperature. Great strides have been made in understanding biological effects of PDT and PTT at the cellular, vascular and tumor microenvironmental levels, as well as translating both modalities in the clinic. Emerging evidence suggests that PDT and PTT may synergize due to their different mechanisms of action, and their nonoverlapping toxicity profiles make such combination potentially efficacious. Moreover, PDT/PTT combinations have gained momentum in recent years due to the development of multimodal nanoplatforms that simultaneously incorporate photodynamically- and photothermally active agents. In this review, we discuss how combining PDT and PTT can address the limitations of each modality alone and enhance treatment safety and efficacy. We provide an overview of recent literature featuring dual PDT/PTT nanoparticles and analyze the strengths and limitations of various nanoparticle design strategies. We also detail how treatment sequence and dose may affect cellular states, tumor pathophysiology and drug delivery, ultimately shaping the treatment response. Lastly, we analyze common experimental design pitfalls that complicate preclinical assessment of PDT/PTT combinations and propose rational guidelines to elucidate the mechanisms underlying PDT/PTT interactions.

中文翻译：

光动力和光热疗法：纳米医学的协同机会

抗肿瘤光动力 (PDT) 和光热 (PTT) 疗法利用光通过产生活性氧或提高温度来以时空精度消除癌细胞。在理解 PDT 和 PTT 在细胞、血管和肿瘤微环境水平的生物学效应以及在临床上转化这两种模式方面取得了长足的进步。新出现的证据表明，PDT 和 PTT 可能由于其不同的作用机制而协同作用，并且它们不重叠的毒性特征使这种组合可能有效。此外，由于同时结合光动力和光热活性剂的多模式纳米平台的发展，PDT/PTT 组合近年来获得了发展势头。在这篇评论中，我们讨论了如何结合 PDT 和 PTT 单独解决每种方式的局限性并提高治疗的安全性和有效性。我们概述了近期以双 PDT/PTT 纳米粒子为特色的文献，并分析了各种纳米粒子设计策略的优势和局限性。我们还详细介绍了治疗顺序和剂量如何影响细胞状态、肿瘤病理生理学和药物输送，最终影响治疗反应。最后，我们分析了使 PDT/PTT 组合的临床前评估复杂化的常见实验设计陷阱，并提出了合理的指导方针来阐明 PDT/PTT 相互作用的潜在机制。我们概述了近期以双 PDT/PTT 纳米粒子为特色的文献，并分析了各种纳米粒子设计策略的优势和局限性。我们还详细介绍了治疗顺序和剂量如何影响细胞状态、肿瘤病理生理学和药物输送，最终影响治疗反应。最后，我们分析了使 PDT/PTT 组合的临床前评估复杂化的常见实验设计陷阱，并提出了合理的指导方针来阐明 PDT/PTT 相互作用的潜在机制。我们概述了近期以双 PDT/PTT 纳米粒子为特色的文献，并分析了各种纳米粒子设计策略的优势和局限性。我们还详细介绍了治疗顺序和剂量如何影响细胞状态、肿瘤病理生理学和药物输送，最终影响治疗反应。最后，我们分析了使 PDT/PTT 组合的临床前评估复杂化的常见实验设计陷阱，并提出了合理的指导方针来阐明 PDT/PTT 相互作用的潜在机制。

更新日期：2023-04-27

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