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Molecular Characterization of Germin-like Protein Genes in Zea mays (ZmGLPs) Using Various In Silico Approaches
ACS Omega ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 , DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01104
Muhammad Ilyas 1 , Iftikhar Ali 2, 3 , Dalal Nasser Binjawhar 4 , Sami Ullah 5 , Sayed M Eldin 6 , Baber Ali 7 , Rashid Iqbal 8 , Syed Habib Ali Bokhari 9 , Tariq Mahmood 7
Affiliation  

Germin (GER) and germin-like proteins (GLPs) play an important role in various plant processes. Zea mays contains 26 germin-like protein genes (ZmGLPs) located on chromosomes 2, 4, and 10; most of which are functionally unexplored. The present study aimed to characterize all ZmGLPs using the latest computational tools. All of them were studied at a physicochemical, subcellular, structural, and functional level, and their expression was predicted in plant development, against biotic and abiotic stresses using various in silico approaches. Overall, ZmGLPs showed greater similarity in their physicochemical properties, domain architecture, and structure, mostly localized in the cytoplasmic or extracellular regions. Phylogenetically, they have a narrow genetic background with a recent history of gene duplication events on chromosome 4. Functional analysis revealed novel enzymatic activities of phosphoglycolate phosphatase, adenosylhomocysteinase, phosphoglycolate phosphatase-like, osmotin/thaumatin-like, and acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase largely mediated by disulfide bonding. Expression analysis revealed their crucial role in the root, root tips, crown root, elongation and maturation zones, radicle, and cortex with the highest expression being observed during germination and at the maturity levels. Further, ZmGLPs showed strong expression against biotic (Aspergillus flavus, Colletotrichum graminicola, Cercospora zeina, Fusarium verticillioides, and Fusarium virguliforme) while limited expression was noted against abiotic stresses. Concisely, our results provide a platform for additional functional exploration of the ZmGLP genes against various environmental stresses.

中文翻译:

使用各种计算机模拟方法对玉米 (ZmGLP) 中胚芽样蛋白基因进行分子表征

萌发素 (GER) 和萌发素样蛋白 (GLP) 在各种植物过程中起着重要作用。玉米含有 26 个胚芽样蛋白基因 ( ZmGLPs ),位于 2、4 和 10 号染色体上;其中大部分在功能上尚未开发。本研究旨在使用最新的计算工具来表征所有ZmGLP 。所有这些都在物理化学、亚细胞、结构和功能水平上进行了研究,并预测了它们在植物发育中的表达,使用各种计算机模拟对抗生物和非生物胁迫方法。总的来说,ZmGLPs 在它们的理化性质、结构域结构和结构方面表现出更大的相似性,主要位于细胞质或细胞外区域。在系统发育上,它们具有狭窄的遗传背景,近期在 4 号染色体上有基因复制事件的历史。功能分析揭示了磷酸乙醇酸磷酸酶、腺苷同型半胱氨酸酶、磷酸乙醇酸磷酸酶样、渗透蛋白/奇异果甜蛋白样和乙酰羟酸异构还原酶的新酶活性,这些酶主要由以下物质介导二硫键。表达分析揭示了它们在根、根尖、冠根、伸长区和成熟区、胚根和皮层中的关键作用,在发芽和成熟阶段观察到的表达最高。此外,ZmGLPs对生物(黄曲霉炭疽菌玉米尾孢、轮枝镰刀菌镰刀菌)表现出强烈的表达,而对非生物胁迫的表达有限。简而言之,我们的结果为ZmGLP基因针对各种环境压力的额外功能探索提供了一个平台。
更新日期:2023-04-26
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