Some common single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene have been associated not only with the neurodegenerative diseases but also with some eating disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the possible differences in the obesity-related and glucose metabolism parameters between some BDNF genotypes’, that may depend on the daily energy and macronutrients intake. In 484 adult participants we performed the anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, and body fat distribution. The daily dietary intake was assessed using the 3-day food intake diaries. Blood glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at fasting and during oral glucose tolerance tests. Moreover, the visceral adipose tissue/subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT/SAT) ratio and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were calculated. We noted that participants carrying the GG genotype had lower skeletal muscle mass and fat free mass (FFM) when carbohydrate intake was > 48%, whereas they presented higher fat-free mass (FFM), and surprisingly higher total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations when daily fiber intake was > 18 g. Moreover, in these subjects we noted higher waist circumference, BMI, and fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, when > 18% of total daily energy intake was delivered from proteins, and higher VAT content and HDL-C concentrations when > 30% of energy intake was derived from dietary fat. Our results suggest that glucose homeostasis and obesity-related parameters in carriers of some common variants of BDNF gene, especially in the GG (rs10835211) genotype carriers, may differ dependently on daily energy, dietary macronutrients and fiber intake.

脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 基因的一些常见单核苷酸多态性不仅与神经退行性疾病有关，而且与一些进食障碍有关。本研究的目的是评估某些 BDNF 基因型之间肥胖相关参数和葡萄糖代谢参数的可能差异，这可能取决于每日能量和大量营养素的摄入量。我们对 484 名成人参与者进行了人体测量、身体成分分析和体脂分布。使用 3 天食物摄入日记评估每日饮食摄入量。在禁食和口服葡萄糖耐量试验期间测量血糖和胰岛素浓度。而且，计算内脏脂肪组织/皮下脂肪组织 (VAT/SAT) 比率和胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估。我们注意到，当碳水化合物摄入量 > 48% 时，携带 GG 基因型的参与者具有较低的骨骼肌质量和无脂肪质量 (FFM)，而他们表现出较高的无脂肪质量 (FFM)，以及令人惊讶的较高总胆固醇和 LDL-C 浓度当每日纤维摄入量 > 18 克时。此外，在这些受试者中，当每日总能量摄入量的 18% 以上来自蛋白质时，我们注意到腰围、BMI、空腹血糖和胰岛素浓度较高，而当能量摄入量 > 30% 时，VAT 含量和 HDL-C 浓度较高来源于膳食脂肪。