生物炭添加对风积土微生物群落组装和结构的影响,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

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生物炭添加对风积土微生物群落组装和结构的影响
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2023-04-21 , DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12519-y
Yang Hu ₁ , Mengfei Cong ₁ , Han Yan ₁ , Xia Sun _{1,

2} , Zailei Yang _{1,

2} , Guangmu Tang _{3,

4} , Wanli Xu _{3,

4} , Xinping Zhu _{1,

2} , Hongtao Jia _{1,

2,

4}

Affiliation

摘要

生物炭对土壤改良的作用已得到广泛证实，但其对土壤微生物的影响仍不清楚。阐明添加生物炭后微生物的复杂关系和群落组装过程对于了解该物质的生态效应非常重要。我们在风积土上一次性添加生物炭，连续种植玉米 ( Zea mays L. ) 7 年。随后采集土壤样品，利用16S/ITS rRNA基因测序技术研究风积土中微生物群落结构、网络特征和群落组装过程的变化。我们发现添加生物炭显着提高了玉米产量并改变了土壤微生物群落组成（β-多样性），但对微生物的α-多样性没有显着影响。添加 31.5–126.0 Mg ha ^-1的生物炭导致根际细菌网络的边缘数、平均度和稳健性减少，但对真菌网络特性没有显着影响。细菌群落受确定性过程控制，而真菌主要受随机过程控制。添加 126.0 Mg ha ^-1生物炭导致细菌群落的组装过程从确定性转变为随机性。这些结果表明，在添加生物炭的情况下，风积土壤中根际细菌群落复杂网络的稳定性降低，同时改变了细菌群落的组装过程。真菌反而可以有效抵抗生物炭添加带来的环境变化，它们的网络保持不变。这些发现有助于阐明添加生物炭对干旱地区风积土壤微生物相互作用和组装过程的影响。

关键点

•添加生物炭导致微生物群落组成发生变化

•添加生物炭降低了根际细菌网络的稳定性

•添加生物炭改变了细菌群落组装的过程

"点击查看英文标题和摘要"

Effects of biochar addition on aeolian soil microbial community assembly and structure

Abstract

The effects of biochar on soil improvement have been widely confirmed, but its influence on soil microorganisms is still unclear. Elucidating the complex relationship and the community assembly processes of microorganisms under biochar addition is important to understand the ecological effects of this substance. We performed a one-time addition of biochar on aeolian soils and planted maize (Zea mays L.) continuously for 7 years. Afterwards, soil samples were collected, and the 16S/ITS rRNA gene sequencing technology was used to study changes in microbial community structure, network characteristics, and community assembly processes in the aeolian soils. We found that biochar addition significantly increased the maize yield and changed the soil microbial community composition (β-diversity), but had no significant effect on the microbial α-diversity. The addition of 31.5–126.0 Mg ha⁻¹ of biochar led to a reduction of the rhizosphere bacterial network’s edge number, average degree, and robustness, but had no significant effect on the fungal network properties. The bacterial community was controlled by deterministic processes, while fungi were mainly controlled by stochastic processes. The addition of 126.0 Mg ha⁻¹ of biochar led to a transformation of the bacterial community’s assembly processes from deterministic to stochastic. These results indicate that the stability of the rhizosphere bacterial community’s complex network in aeolian soils diminishes under biochar addition, together changed the bacterial community’s assembly processes. Fungi can instead effectively resist the environmental changes brought by biochar addition, and their network remains unchanged. These findings help clarify the effect of biochar addition on microbial interaction and assembly processes in aeolian soils characteristic of arid regions.