Photodetectors based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have been the focus of intensive research and development over the past decade. However, a gap has long persisted between fundamental research and mature applications. One of the main reasons behind this gap has been the lack of a practical and unified approach for the characterization of their figures of merit, which should be compatible with the traditional performance evaluation system of photodetectors. This is essential to determine the degree of compatibility of laboratory prototypes with industrial technologies. Here we propose general guidelines for the characterization of the figures of merit of 2D photodetectors and analyze common situations when the specific detectivity, responsivity, dark current, and speed can be misestimated. Our guidelines should help improve the standardization and industrial compatibility of 2D photodetectors.

基于二维 (2D) 材料的光电探测器在过去十年中一直是深入研究和开发的重点。然而，基础研究和成熟应用之间长期以来一直存在差距。这一差距背后的主要原因之一是缺乏一种实用和统一的方法来表征它们的品质因数，这种方法应该与传统的光电探测器性能评估系统兼容。这对于确定实验室原型与工业技术的兼容性程度至关重要。在这里，我们提出了表征二维光电探测器品质因数的一般准则，并分析了特定探测率、响应度、暗电流和速度可能被错误估计的常见情况。