Sulphate (SO₄²⁻) is a common anion nutrient naturally occurs in water bodies, and considered not toxic when presented in low concentration. However, the presence of large amounts of SO₄²⁻ induces sour taste in household water and scaling in pipe lines. A concentration of 500 to 750 mg(SO₄²⁻)/L causes laxative effect, dehydration, and gastrointestinal irritation in human bodies. Hence, strict limitation was imposed on SO₄²⁻ discharge, to conform with regulatory bodies standards. Several techniques were developed to eliminate or minimize the SO₄²⁻ content in wastewater discharges. Generally, chemical precipitation method widely utilized for SO₄²⁻ mitigation from high SO₄²⁻ concentration sources particularly mine wastewater. However, the drawback of this process is that the theoretically obtainable minimum sulphate concentration with lime precipitation is 1500 mg/L SO₄²⁻ at ambient temperature due to high solubility of gypsum. In the present review, the traditional and recently developed sulphate removal techniques are discussed by addressing their merits/drawbacks and potential further improvements. Moreover, novel integrated system which combines one or more advanced techniques in parallel with the established methods are reviewed that could pave the way towards the development of suitable technology. Finally, the life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis are discussed for the various technologies.

硫酸盐 (SO ₄ ²⁻ ) 是一种常见的阴离子营养物，天然存在于水体中，低浓度时被认为无毒。然而，大量 SO ₄ ²⁻的存在会导致家庭用水产生酸味并在管道中结垢。_{500至750 mg(SO 4} ²⁻ )/L的浓度在人体中引起通便作用、脱水和胃肠道刺激。因此，严格限制 SO ₄ ²⁻的排放，以符合监管机构的标准。开发了几种技术来消除或最大限度地减少废水排放中的SO ₄ ^{2−含量。}通常，化学沉淀法广泛用于 SO₄ ²⁻缓解高 SO ₄ ²⁻浓度源，特别是矿山废水。然而，该工艺的缺点是，由于石膏的高溶解度，在环境温度下，理论上可获得的石灰沉淀最低硫酸盐浓度为 1500 mg/L SO ₄ ^{2− 。}在本综述中，通过解决传统和最近开发的硫酸盐去除技术的优点/缺点和潜在的进一步改进来讨论它们。此外，审查了将一种或多种先进技术与既定方法并行结合的新型集成系统，可以为开发合适的技术铺平道路. 最后，讨论了各种技术的生命周期评估和技术经济分析。