Designing lightweight, environmentally friendly and broadband electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers to solve the increasingly EM pollution problem has become a research hotspot. Carbon material, especially the graphitized carbon derived from the biomass which possessing highly porosity on the framework, has considered the extremely potential in electromagnetic absorption since the ultralow density, abundant dipoles and moderate dielectric value, however, lacking of magnetic property restricts the efficient and broad absorption. Herein, a biomass-derived porous graphite-like carbon (g-C) matrix with controllable magnetic component (α-Fe and Fe₃O₄) decoration are realized via one-step pyrolysis reaction The development absorber exhibits an excellent EMW absorption performance with largest $\left|{RL}_{\mathit{min}}\right|$ value of 47.06 dB and widest effective absorption frequency width of 5.52 GHz at a fixed coating thickness as thin as 1.80 mm, which is attributed to the good conductive loss and dielectric loss capacities permitted by the synergistic effect of equivalent circuit conductive network, the optimized impedance matching, the dipoles polarization, defect polarization and interfacial polarization. This work provides a theoretical and experimental basis for developing a green and sustainable method for preparing bamboo-derived carbon-based composites, and applying such materials to the field of EM protection and EM pollution control.

设计轻质、环保和宽带电磁波（EMW）吸收器以解决日益严重的电磁波污染问题已成为研究热点。碳材料，尤其是骨架上具有高孔隙率的生物质衍生的石墨化碳，由于超低密度、丰富的偶极子和适中的介电值，被认为在电磁吸收方面具有极大的潜力，然而，缺乏磁性限制了其高效和广泛的应用吸收。在此，一种生物质衍生的多孔类石墨碳（gC）基质具有可控的磁性成分（α-Fe和Fe ₃ O ₄)装饰是通过一步热解反应实现开发的吸收器表现出优异的电磁波吸收性能，最大$\left|{R\mathrm{大号}}_{\mathit{分钟}}\right|$在薄至 1.80 mm 的固定涂层厚度下，值为 47.06 dB 和最宽有效吸收频率宽度为 5.52 GHz，这归因于等效电路导电网络协同效应允许的良好传导损耗和介电损耗能力，优化的阻抗匹配，偶极子极化，缺陷极化和界面极化。该工作为开发一种绿色可持续的竹基碳基复合材料制备方法，并将该材料应用于电磁防护和电磁污染控制领域提供了理论和实验基础。