Melanoma is a highly metastatic cancer with a low incidence rate, but a high mortality rate. Patchouli alcohol (PA), a tricyclic sesquiterpene, is considered the main active component in Pogostemon cablin Benth, which improves wound healing and has anti-tumorigenic activity. However, the pharmacological action of PA on anti-melanoma remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role of PA in the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and migration of melanoma cells. These results indicated that PA selectively inhibited the proliferation of B16F10 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It induced cell cycle arrest at the G₀/G₁ phase and typical morphological changes in apoptosis, such as chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and apoptotic bodies. In addition, PA reduced the migratory ability of B16F10 cells by upregulating E-cadherin and downregulating p-Smad2/3, vimentin, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. PA was also found to strongly suppress tumour growth in vivo. Furthermore, PA combined with cisplatin synergistically inhibited colony formation and migration of B16F10 cells and attenuated the development of resistance to treatment. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that PA may play a pivotal role in inducing apoptosis and reducing the migration of melanoma cells, and may thus be a potential candidate for melanoma treatment.

中文翻译：

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广藿香醇联合顺铂对B16F10黑色素瘤细胞增殖、凋亡和迁移的影响

黑色素瘤是一种高度转移的癌症，发病率低，但死亡率高。广藿香醇 (PA) 是一种三环倍半萜烯，被认为是广藿香中的主要活性成分，可促进伤口愈合并具有抗肿瘤活性。然而，PA 抗黑色素瘤的药理作用仍不清楚。因此，本研究旨在探讨PA在黑色素瘤细胞增殖、细胞周期、凋亡和迁移中的作用。这些结果表明，PA 以剂量和时间依赖性方式选择性地抑制 B16F10 细胞的增殖。它在 G ₀ /G _{1诱导细胞周期停滞}细胞凋亡的阶段和典型的形态学变化，如染色质浓缩、DNA 片段化和凋亡小体。此外，PA 通过上调 E-钙粘蛋白和下调 p-Smad2/3、波形蛋白、MMP-2 和 MMP-9 的表达来降低 B16F10 细胞的迁移能力。还发现 PA 在体内强烈抑制肿瘤生长。此外，PA 与顺铂联合可协同抑制 B16F10 细胞的集落形成和迁移，并减弱治疗耐药性的发展。因此，本研究结果表明，PA可能在诱导细胞凋亡和减少黑色素瘤细胞迁移方面发挥关键作用，因此可能成为黑色素瘤治疗的潜在候选者。