<br>紧紧挤压：我们如何理解微血管直径的微小变化？,The Journal of Physiology

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紧紧挤压：我们如何理解微血管直径的微小变化？
The Journal of Physiology ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2023-04-10 , DOI: 10.1113/jp284207
Harvey Davis ₁ , David Attwell ₁

Affiliation

大脑是一个需要能量的组织，为了充分发挥功能，需要不断微调其支持血流，从而调节能量供应。虽然传统上认为血流仅由供应大脑的动脉和小动脉上的血管平滑肌细胞调节，但最近的研究表明毛细血管周细胞也发挥着关键作用，毛细血管周细胞也具有收缩性。这个概念引起了一些争议，特别是关于小动脉和毛细血管对脑血流控制的相对贡献。在这里，我们概述了为什么周细胞在控制脑血流方面处于有利地位。首先，我们讨论证据和基本方程，这些方程描述了与上游小动脉相比，毛细血管的较小起始直径如何赋予毛细血管周细胞比小动脉对总脑血管阻力更大的控制能力。然后我们认为，与反应较慢的小动脉相比，低支序毛细血管周细胞响应局部能量需求而扩张的较快时间范围为周细胞调节血流提供了利基作用。最后，我们讨论了周细胞在毛细血管停滞中的作用，其中周细胞收缩似乎促进了循环血细胞的短暂停滞，加剧了周细胞对脑血流的影响。

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A tight squeeze: how do we make sense of small changes in microvascular diameter?

The brain is an energetically demanding tissue which, to function adequately, requires constant fine tuning of its supporting blood flow, and hence energy supply. Whilst blood flow was traditionally believed to be regulated only by vascular smooth muscle cells on arteries and arterioles supplying the brain, recent work has suggested a critical role for capillary pericytes, which are also contractile. This concept has evoked some controversy, especially over the relative contributions of arterioles and capillaries to the control of cerebral blood flow. Here we outline why pericytes are in a privileged position to control cerebral blood flow. First we discuss the evidence, and fundamental equations, which describe how the small starting diameter of capillaries, compared to upstream arterioles, confers a potentially greater control by capillary pericytes than by arterioles over total cerebral vascular resistance. Then we suggest that the faster time frame over which low branch order capillary pericytes dilate in response to local energy demands provides a niche role for pericytes to regulate blood flow compared to slower responding arterioles. Finally, we discuss the role of pericytes in capillary stalling, whereby pericyte contraction appears to facilitate a transient stall of circulating blood cells, exacerbating the effect of pericytes upon cerebral blood flow.

更新日期：2023-04-10

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