Electron transport layer (ETL) plays an important role in the perovskite solar cells. The graphdiyne oxide (GDYO), nitrogen-doped GDYO (NGDYO) or fluorinated GDYO (FGDYO) was added into SnO₂ ETL, respectively, which optimized the properties of SnO₂ layer itself and the interface between ETL and perovskite layer, and then affected the growth of perovskite. The mechanism was systematically explored by using in situ synchrotron radiation technology combined with conventional characterization methods. Though NGDYO-SnO₂ enhanced the properties such as conductivity and energy level of ETL, FGDYO-SnO₂ showed the best crystallization. By tracking the growth process of SnO₂, PbI₂ or perovskite by in situ XRD and the chemical bonds on the interface between ETL and active layer by in situ XAFS, it was found that the stronger interaction between the doped SnO₂ with PbI₂ inhibited PbI₂ crystallization in perovskite layers and gave more opportunity for PbI₂ precursor to form perovskite, making perovskite to have better crystallization. Finally, the optimized performance of device was achieved.

电子传输层 (ETL) 在钙钛矿太阳能电池中起着重要作用。将氧化石墨二炔(GDYO)、氮掺杂GDYO(NGDYO)或氟化GDYO(FGDYO)分别添加到SnO _{2 ETL中，优化了SnO 2}层本身以及ETL与钙钛矿层界面的性能，进而影响钙钛矿的生长。利用原位同步辐射技术结合常规表征方法系统地探索了该机制。虽然NGDYO-SnO ₂增强了ETL的电导率和能级等性能，但FGDYO-SnO ₂显示出最好的结晶。_{通过跟踪SnO 2}、PbI的生长过程₂或钙钛矿的原位XRD 和 ETL 与活性层界面的化学键原位XAFS，发现掺杂的 SnO ₂与 PbI ₂之间更强的相互作用抑制了 PbI ₂在钙钛矿层中的结晶并提供了更多的机会PbI ₂前驱体形成钙钛矿，使钙钛矿具有更好的结晶性。最终实现了器件性能的优化。