Stakeholder theory has been advocating the inclusion of affected parties in organizational processes to increase the legitimacy and effectiveness of organizational governance. However, organizations can fail to achieve these objectives if there is no systematic link between stakeholders and their constituency. Based on democratic notions of representation, we argue that democratic stakeholder representativeness is an essential virtue of stakeholder governance processes. We conceptually derive authorization and accountability as normative elements of stakeholder representativeness and operationalize the construct by proposing empirical indicators of stakeholder representativeness as well as procedural guidance on their adoption in a practical governance context. By doing so, we contribute to the advancement of practical stakeholder governance as well as to the public management and organizational theory literature by specifying and operationalizing a construct that had previously been only vaguely defined.

中文翻译：

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民主利益相关者代表

利益相关者理论一直提倡将受影响的各方纳入组织过程，以提高组织治理的合法性和有效性。但是，如果利益相关者与其支持者之间没有系统的联系，组织可能无法实现这些目标。基于代表的民主概念，我们认为民主的利益相关者代表是利益相关者治理过程的基本优点。我们在概念上将授权和问责制推导出为利益相关者代表性的规范要素，并通过提出利益相关者代表性的经验指标以及在实际治理环境中采用它们的程序指南来实施该结构。通过这样做，