孤雌蜥蜴——哀壁虎（Lepidodactylus lugubris）头骨的胚胎发育,Journal of Anatomy

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孤雌蜥蜴——哀壁虎（Lepidodactylus lugubris）头骨的胚胎发育
Journal of Anatomy ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-04-03 , DOI: 10.1111/joa.13871
Tomasz Skawiński ₁ , Paweł Kaczmarek ₂ , Bartosz Borczyk ₃

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壁虎是有鳞爬行动物的主要分支之一。作为最早分化的谱系之一，它们对于研究深部有鳞动物的系统发育和进化至关重要。发育研究可以揭示许多重要形态特征的起源，但我们对壁虎颅骨发育的了解还很不完整。在这里，我们描述了孤雌壁虎（哀悼壁虎（Lepidodactylus lugubris））头骨的胚胎发育，并使用非酸性双重染色和组织学切片进行了研究。我们的分析表明，与几乎所有其他研究的鳞状动物一样，翼状骨是头骨中第一块骨化的骨，紧随其后的是上角骨和关节前骨。接下来出现的是齿骨、额骨、顶骨和鳞骨。含牙齿的上颌骨、前上颌骨和上颌骨发育相对较晚。与之前的报道相反，前上颌骨从两个不同的中心开始骨化，让人想起在双趾科动物和真贝类动物中观察到的情况。仅观察到眶后额叶的单个骨化中心。脑壳的一些软骨内骨（前骨、后骨、上枕骨）和真皮副蝶骨是最后出现的骨头。临近孵化时，头骨顶部的骨化程度相对较弱，仍然存在较大的额顶囟门。L. lugubris中的许多骨骼开始骨化的时间比叶指纲Tarentola permanentis的要晚，这表明其骨化顺序与T. 环状体不同时。

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Embryonic development of the skull in a parthenogenetic lizard, the mourning gecko (Lepidodactylus lugubris)

Gekkotans are one of the major clades of squamate reptiles. As one of the earliest-diverging lineages, they are crucial in studying deep-level squamate phylogeny and evolution. Developmental studies can shed light on the origin of many important morphological characters, yet our knowledge of cranial development in gekkotans is very incomplete. Here, we describe the embryonic development of the skull in a parthenogenetic gekkonid, the mourning gecko (Lepidodactylus lugubris), studied using non-acidic double staining and histological sectioning. Our analysis indicates that the pterygoid is the first ossifying bone in the skull, as in almost all other studied squamates, followed closely by the surangular and prearticular. The next to appear are the dentary, frontal, parietal and squamosal. The tooth-bearing upper jaw bones, the premaxilla and maxilla, develop relatively late. In contrast to previous reports, the premaxilla starts ossifying from two distinct centres, reminiscent of the condition observed in diplodactylids and eublepharids. Only a single ossification centre of the postorbitofrontal is observed. Some of the endochondral bones of the braincase (prootic, opisthotic, supraoccipital) and the dermal parasphenoid are the last bones to appear. The skull roof is relatively poorly ossified near the time of hatching, with a large frontoparietal fontanelle still present. Many bones begin ossifying relatively later in L. lugubris than in the phyllodactylid Tarentola annularis, which suggests that its ossification sequence is heterochronic with respect to T. annularis.

更新日期：2023-04-03

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