Hierarchical ZSM-5 was successfully prepared using l-carnitine and l-lysine as mesoporous templates, and the influence of the dosage of “secondary template” represented by l-carnitine on the formation of hierarchical zeolite was investigated in detail. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric-derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), pyridine infrared and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH₃-TPD) were used to characterize the structural and textural properties of the as-prepared samples. The results showed that the hydrophilic property of the amino acid template overcame the phase separation and constructed a mesoporous system with an ultra-small size of 2–10 nm in the as-synthesized zeolite crystals. Not only the morphology and grain size, but also the Si/Al ratio and then the acidity of zeolite were affected by the “secondary template”. Catalytic cracking of triisopropylbenzene was chosen as a probe reaction so as to investigate the effect of the fabricated hierarchical porous system on the catalytic performances of the catalysts. The results showed that the introduction of hierarchical pores elevated the external surfaces of the catalyst and therefore significantly improved the catalytic cracking performance of the catalyst for the heavy molecules triisopropylbenzene. At the same time, the introduced mesopore structure also gave the macromolecule reactant a hierarchically cracking process because of the acid active sites located in the different spaces.

以l-肉碱和l-赖氨酸为介孔模板成功制备了多级ZSM-5 ，详细考察了以l-肉碱为代表的“二级模板”用量对多级沸石形成的影响。粉末 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM)、氮吸附-脱附、核磁共振 (NMR)、热重-导数热重分析 (TG-DTG)、吡啶红外和程序升温解吸氨（NH ₃-TPD) 用于表征所制备样品的结构和质地特性。结果表明，氨基酸模板的亲水性克服了相分离，在合成后的沸石晶体中构建了一个尺寸为 2-10 nm 的超小介孔体系。“二次模板”不仅影响沸石的形貌和晶粒尺寸，而且影响沸石的 Si/Al 比，进而影响沸石的酸度。以三异丙苯的催化裂解为探针反应，考察了所制备的分级多孔体系对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明，分级孔的引入抬高了催化剂的外表面，从而显着提高了催化剂对大分子三异丙苯的催化裂化性能。同时，由于酸性活性位点位于不同的空间，引入的介孔结构也赋予了大分子反应物分级裂解过程。