Nanozymes are nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-like properties. Since the landmark research report on nanozymes in 2007, numerous scientists focus on the topic of nanozyme. As an artificial enzyme, nanozymes take advantage of good stability, easy modification, designability, ease of preparation, and low cost. In recent years, due to the explosion of nanotechnology, biomimetic science, catalytic science, and theoretical computing, a great number of nanozymes have been fabricated. To highlight these achievements and allow the related researchers to grasp the current research status of structure-dependent nanozymes, the state-of-the-art in nanozymes from different spatial dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D, 3D) to the bioanalysis applications were reviewed. For different spatial dimensions nanozymes, the 0D nanodot, nanosphere, nanocluster; 1D nanorod, nanotube, 2D nanosheet, lamellar structure, and 3D metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, hierarchical structure, and hydrogel were all discussed. Furthermore, the nanozymes applied for disease diagnosis, tumor microenvironment sensing, pathogen detection, drug detection, food detection, and environmental sensing were all discussed. Finally, the current challenges faced in nanozymology are outlined and the future directions for advancing nanozyme research are outlooked. We hope this review will inspire related research on nanozymes and contribute to developing nanozymes in bioanalysis.

纳米酶是具有内在酶样特性的纳米材料。自2007年纳米酶具有里程碑意义的研究报告以来，无数科学家将目光投向了纳米酶这一课题。纳米酶作为一种人工酶，具有稳定性好、易于修饰、可设计性、制备容易、成本低等优点。近年来，由于纳米技术、仿生科学、催化科学和理论计算的爆炸式增长，大量纳米酶被制备出来。为了突出这些成果并让相关研究人员掌握结构依赖性纳米酶的研究现状，从不同空间维度（0D、1D、2D、3D）到生物分析应用的纳米酶的最新进展进行了回顾. 对于不同空间维度的纳米酶，0D纳米点，纳米球，纳米团簇；讨论了1D纳米棒、纳米管、2D 纳米片、层状结构和 3D 金属有机骨架、共价有机骨架、分级结构和水凝胶。此外，还讨论了纳米酶在疾病诊断、肿瘤微环境传感、病原体检测、药物检测、食品检测和环境传感等方面的应用。最后，概述了当前纳米酶学面临的挑战，并对推进纳米酶研究的未来方向进行了展望。我们希望这篇综述能够激发纳米酶的相关研究，并有助于在生物分析中开发纳米酶。