Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America often relies on the application of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and niclosamide mixtures to kill larval sea lamprey. Selectivity of TFM against lampreys appears to be due to differential detoxification ability in these jawless fishes compared to bony fishes, particularly teleosts. However, the proximate mechanisms of tolerance to the TFM and niclosamide mixture and the mechanisms of niclosamide toxicity on its own are poorly understood, especially among non-target fishes. Here, we used RNA sequencing to identify specific mRNA transcripts and functional processes that responded to niclosamide or a TFM:niclosamide mixture in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Bluegill were exposed to niclosamide or TFM:niclosamide mixture, along with a time-matched control group, and gill and liver tissues were sampled at 6, 12, and 24 h. We summarized the whole-transcriptome patterns through gene ontology (GO) term enrichment and through differential expression of detoxification genes. The niclosamide treatment resulted in an upregulation of several transcripts associated with detoxification (cyp, ugt, sult, gst), which may help explain the relatively high detoxification capacity in bluegill. Conversely, the TFM:niclosamide mixture resulted in an enrichment of processes related to arrested cell cycle and growth, and cell death alongside a diverse detoxification gene response. Detoxification of both lampricides likely involves the use of phase I and II biotransformation genes. Our findings strongly suggest that the unusually high tolerance of bluegill to lampricides is due to these animals having an inherently high capacity and flexible detoxification response to such compounds.

北美劳伦琴五大湖中的七鳃鳗 (Petromyzon marinus) 控制通常依赖于使用 3-三氟甲基-4-硝基苯酚 (TFM) 和氯硝柳胺混合物来杀死七鳃鳗幼虫。TFM 对七鳃鳗的选择性似乎是由于这些无颌鱼与硬骨鱼（尤其是硬骨鱼）相比的解毒能力不同。然而，对 TFM 和氯硝柳胺混合物的耐受机制以及氯硝柳胺本身的毒性机制知之甚少，尤其是在非目标鱼类中。在这里，我们使用 RNA 测序来鉴定特定的 mRNA 转录本和对蓝鳃太阳鱼（ Lepomis macrochirus）中的氯硝柳胺或 TFM：氯硝柳胺混合物有反应的功能过程). 将蓝鳃暴露于氯硝柳胺或 TFM：氯硝柳胺混合物，以及时间匹配的对照组，并在 6、12 和 24 小时对鳃和肝组织进行取样。我们通过基因本体论 (GO) 术语富集和解毒基因的差异表达总结了全转录组模式。氯硝柳胺治疗导致与解毒有关的几种转录本的上调（cyp , ugt , sult , gst), 这可能有助于解释蓝鳃鱼相对较高的解毒能力。相反，TFM：氯硝柳胺混合物导致与细胞周期和生长停滞、细胞死亡以及多种解毒基因反应相关的过程丰富。两种杀虫剂的解毒可能涉及使用 I 期和 II 期生物转化基因。我们的研究结果强烈表明，蓝鳃鱼对 lampricides 异常高的耐受性是由于这些动物对此类化合物具有固有的高容量和灵活的解毒反应。