ABSTRACT

The SARS-CoV-2 virus (termed COVID-19) raised the mortality trends and diminished life expectancy globally. This study analyzes the age-sex patterns of COVID-19 deaths in India during 2020–2021 and how the age-sex patterns have changed between 2020 and 2021. We calculated the losses in the male-female life expectancy at birth (LEB) induced due to the pandemic by projecting pre-pandemic mortality trends into 2020 and 2021. The finding suggested that mortality rates have increased substantially due to COVID-19 in India, implying almost four years of losses of LEB in 2021. The age pattern of mortality differs by the years of the pandemic. In 2020, the disease disproportionately killed older people. In 2021, with the outbreak of COVID-19 delta variant infection, mortality also rose among younger adults. Moreover, in 2020, COVID-19 deaths were higher among males, whereas in 2021, mortality increased for both sexes. In conclusion, COVID-19 triggered a significant increase in mortality in India between 2020 and 2021, dragging the country to a lower LEB level in 2010–2011. The future impact of the pandemic is yet to be seen. Also, distinct age and sex differential COVID-19 health and socioeconomic impacts compel future researchers to include demographic heterogeneity in their study.

摘要

SARS-CoV-2 病毒（称为 COVID-19）提高了全球死亡率趋势并缩短了预期寿命。本研究分析了 2020 年至 2021 年印度 COVID-19 死亡的年龄-性别模式，以及 2020 年至 2021 年期间年龄-性别模式的变化。我们计算了男女出生时预期寿命 (LEB) 的损失通过预测 2020 年和 2021 年大流行前的死亡率趋势，我们得出了这一结果。研究结果表明，印度的死亡率因 COVID-19 而大幅上升，这意味着 2021 年 LEB 损失将减少近四年。死亡率的年龄模式有所不同到了大流行的这些年。2020 年，这种疾病导致老年人死亡的比例不成比例。2021 年，随着 COVID-19 δ 变异感染的爆发，年轻人的死亡率也有所上升。而且，在2020年，男性的 COVID-19 死亡率较高，而 2021 年，男女死亡率均有所增加。总之，2020 年至 2021 年期间，COVID-19 引发印度死亡率显着上升，导致该国 2010 年至 2011 年的 LEB 水平下降。疫情对未来的影响还有待观察。此外，不同的年龄和性别差异的 COVID-19 健康和社会经济影响迫使未来的研究人员在他们的研究中纳入人口异质性。