Flexible aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) are recognized as a prospective energy storage device benefiting from their high security, low price and competitive electrochemical performance. But there are two drawbacks that seriously hinder the actual utilization of AZIBs, which are the dendrite growth of zinc anodes and the freezing of liquid electrolytes at subzero temperatures. To this end, functional three-dimensional network hydrogel electrolyte lined with hydrogen bond acceptor (denoted as PDC-20 gel electrolyte) was designed to address this challenge. The hydrogen bond acceptor dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), H₂O and polymer chains can form a ternary hydrogen bond to improve mechanical performances of the hydrogel electrolyte. Meanwhile, DMSO breaks the hydrogen bond of water, greatly reduces the freezing point of the hydrogel electrolyte, reconstructs the solvation structure of Zn²⁺ in the hydrogel, optimizes the deposition kinetics of Zn²⁺, and ultimately achieves effective inhibition of Zn dendrites and side reactions. Therefore, the Zn//Zn symmetry battery with PDC-20 gel electrolyte can achieve a stable plating/stripping process for 1300 h at 2 mA cm⁻² with set capacity of 2 mAh cm⁻². The assembled Zn//MnO₂/CNT battery has a large specific capacity of 238.4 mAh/g and a high cycle stability of 5000 cycles at 2 A/g at room temperature. A high ion conductivity of 2.82 mS cm⁻¹ and a specific capacity of 160.5 mAh/g were still achieved at −20 °C. This study offers an inspiring strategy and good feasibility to design high performance antifreeze flexible batteries by introducing hydrogen bond acceptor.

柔性水系锌离子电池 (AZIB) 因其高安全性、低价格和具有竞争力的电化学性能而被认为是一种有前途的储能装置。但是有两个缺点严重阻碍了AZIBs的实际利用，即锌阳极的枝晶生长和液态电解质在零下温度下的冻结。为此，设计了内衬氢键受体的功能性三维网络水凝胶电解质（表示为 PDC-20 凝胶电解质）来应对这一挑战。氢键受体二甲基亚砜（DMSO），H ₂O和聚合物链可以形成三元氢键以提高水凝胶电解质的机械性能。同时，DMSO破坏了水的氢键，大大降低了水凝胶电解质的凝固点，重构了Zn ^{2+在水凝胶中的溶剂化结构，优化了Zn 2+}的沉积动力学，最终实现了对Zn 枝晶和副反应。因此，采用PDC-20凝胶电解质的Zn//Zn对称电池可以在2 mA cm ^-2下实现稳定的电镀/剥离过程1300 h ，设定容量为2 mAh cm ^-2。组装后的 Zn//MnO ₂/CNT 电池具有 238.4 mAh/g 的大比容量和室温下 2 A/g 下 5000 次循环的高循环稳定性。在-20 °C 下仍可实现2.82 mS cm ^-1的高离子电导率和160.5 mAh/g 的比容量。该研究为通过引入氢键受体设计高性能防冻软电池提供了一种启发性的策略和良好的可行性。