The rational design and facile fabrication of cost-effective, efficient, and robust non-precious metal-based carbon nanomaterials are of great significance. Herein, under the control of temperature, the single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation from MOF-5 to ZIF-8 via ligand exchange can be easily achieved with the intermediate and final structures of ZIF-8-M and ZIF-8-F, respectively. After pyrolysis of Fe-doped MOF (metal-organic framework) materials, Fe-ZIF-8-F-900 was obtained and featured large surface area, high degree of graphitization, a large number of carbon nanotubes, and highly active Fe species. All of these characteristics contribute to fast electron transfer and mass transport, resulting in a satisfactory oxygen reduction performance which is comparable to that of Pt/C, such as superior onset potential (0.982 V), limiting diffusion current density (5.41 mA cm⁻²), small Tafel slope (40.6 mV dec⁻¹), and high current retention of 94.4% after 10 h. Furthermore, the experimental and simulation results both verify that the assembled zinc-air batteries possess excellent properties in practical applications. This study provides a rational design strategy for the development and preparation of high-efficiency and low-cost non-precious metal-based electrocatalysts, which further indicates new directions for energy-related practical applications.

合理设计和简便制造具有成本效益、高效且坚固的非贵金属基碳纳米材料具有重要意义。在此，在温度的控制下，从 MOF-5 到 ZIF-8 的单晶到单晶的转变通过配体交换可以分别通过 ZIF-8-M 和 ZIF-8-F 的中间结构和最终结构轻松实现。Fe掺杂MOF（金属有机骨架）材料经热解得到Fe-ZIF-8-F-900，具有比表面积大、石墨化程度高、碳纳米管数量多、Fe物种活性高等特点。所有这些特性都有助于快速电子转移和质量传输，从而获得与 Pt/C 相当的令人满意的氧还原性能，例如优越的起始电位（0.982 V）、极限扩散电流密度（5.41 mA cm ^-2 ), 小塔菲尔斜率 (40.6 mV dec ⁻¹)，10 小时后的高电流保持率为 94.4%。此外，实验和模拟结果都证明组装的锌空气电池在实际应用中具有优异的性能。该研究为开发和制备高效、低成本的非贵金属基电催化剂提供了合理的设计策略，进一步为能源相关的实际应用指明了新的方向。