Efficiently harvesting solar energy into electricity via photovoltaic devices (also called solar cells) exhibits a feasible way to tackle challenging energy supply. Over the past decades, crystal silicon (c-Si) is still the dominant material for photovoltaic manufacture, benefiting from its nearly ideal optical bandgap, abundant, and mature semiconductor technology. Up to now, the power conversion efficiency of single-junction c-Si solar cells with heterojunction structures has been boosted to over 26%, approaching its theoretical maximum efficiency. On the other hand, a trade-off of the cost/output power of heterojunction cells is still an obstacle to its expanding market share. Being different from any previous scalable c-Si photovoltaic generations, the heterojunction cell features uniquely indispensable transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layers integrating a low-temperature annealing metal paste. Its unique electrode requirement is still the dominant factor to determine its rate of exposure mass manufacture. In this review, the field of TCO development of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells is overviewed firstly. Furthermore, different TCO choices for SHJ solar cells are discussed. Finally, future research directions, challenges, and potential solutions are summarized and looked forward. To conclude, we discuss what has been taken for the TCO application for SHJ solar cells in the mass market.

通过光伏设备（也称为太阳能电池）有效地将太阳能转化为电能是解决具有挑战性的能源供应的可行方法。在过去的几十年里，晶体硅 (c-Si) 仍然是光伏制造的主导材料，得益于其近乎理想的光学带隙、丰富且成熟的半导体技术。迄今为止，异质结单结晶硅太阳能电池的功率转换效率结构已提高到 26% 以上，接近其理论最大效率。另一方面，异质结电池成本/输出功率的权衡仍然是其扩大市场份额的障碍。与之前任何可扩展的 c-Si 光伏发电不同，异质结电池具有独特不可或缺的透明导电氧化物 (TCO) 层，集成了低温退火金属浆料。其独特的电极要求仍然是决定其曝光量产率的主导因素。在这篇综述中，首先概述了硅异质结 (SHJ) 太阳能电池的 TCO 开发领域。此外，还讨论了 SHJ 太阳能电池的不同 TCO 选择。最后，对未来的研究方向、挑战和可能的解决方案进行了总结和展望。