Within the scope of developing a new route to an active pharmaceutical ingredient intermediate, we had need of a fluorinated indazole. Although an established route was in place, it was undesirable due to safety and selectivity concerns. A concise and improved route was developed to form the desired indazole, which takes advantage of an electronically directed metalation/formylation sequence followed by condensation with methyl hydrazine to form a hydrazone and culminates in a copper-catalyzed intramolecular Ullmann cyclization. The Ullmann reaction was plagued with difficulties ranging from poor reactivity to thermal hazard concerns, but use of high-throughput screening, statistical modeling, and an unusual isolation method for fine chemicals, safe and optimal conditions were found that produce high-purity isolated material in excellent yields at a laboratory scale.

中文翻译：

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使用分子内 Ullmann 型反应的 1H-吲唑合成工艺开发

在开发活性药物成分中间体新途径的范围内，我们需要氟化吲唑。尽管已经制定了一条既定路线，但出于安全性和选择性方面的考虑，这是不受欢迎的。开发了一种简明和改进的路线来形成所需的吲唑，它利用电子引导的金属化/甲酰化序列，然后与甲基肼缩合形成腙，并最终导致铜催化的分子内乌尔曼环化。乌尔曼反应遇到了从反应性差到热危害问题等各种困难，但使用高通量筛选、统计建模和一种不寻常的精细化学品分离方法，