Limited by the inherent energy loss (E_loss) in carrier transport process, the device efficiency of organic solar cells shows inferior to traditional inorganic photovoltaic devices. Generally, molecular design, morphology optimization and interfacial engineering are usually required to alleviate E_loss. Here, vertical field-effect organic photovoltaic (VFEOPV) by integrating an bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) with vertical field effect transistor (VFET) is invented, in which VFET generates a large, uneven, internal electric field, eliminating the requirement for driving force to dissociate excitons and prevents non-radiative recombination in OPV. In this way, the performance of solar cell can be well controlled by the gate voltage of VFET and the E_loss of VFEOPVs based on J71: ITIC system is dramatically reduced below 0.2 eV, significantly improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 10% to 18% under gate voltage of 0.9 V, which only causes negligible additional power consumption (~10⁻⁴mJ/cm²). Besides, the device also exhibits multi-functionality including transistor and phototransistors with excellent photodector performance. This work provides a new and general strategy to improve the OPV performance which is compatible with present optimization methods, and can be applied to improve PCE of other types of solar cells such as Perovskite and inorganic solar cells.

受限于载流子传输过程中固有的能量损失（E _loss），有机太阳能电池的器件效率不如传统的无机光伏器件。通常，通常需要分子设计、形态优化和界面工程来减轻 E_损失。在这里，通过将体异质结 (BHJ) 有机光伏 (OPV) 与垂直场效应晶体管 (VFET) 集成，发明了垂直场效应有机光伏 (VFEOPV)，其中 VFET 产生大的、不均匀的内部电场，消除了离解激子和防止 OPV 中非辐射复合的驱动力要求。这样，太阳能电池的性能可以通过VFET的栅极电压和E_{损耗得到很好的控制}基于 J71 的 VFEOPV：ITIC 系统显着降低到 0.2 eV 以下，在 0.9 V 的栅极电压下，功率转换效率 (PCE) 从 10% 显着提高到 18%，这只会导致可忽略不计的额外功耗 (~10 -4 ^mJ /厘米²）。此外，该器件还具有多功能性，包括具有出色光电探测器性能的晶体管和光电晶体管。这项工作提供了一种新的通用策略来提高 OPV 性能，该策略与目前的优化方法兼容，可用于提高钙钛矿和无机太阳能电池等其他类型太阳能电池的 PCE。