As a free, intensive, rarely interactive, and well directional messenger, solar neutrinos have been driving both solar physics and neutrino physics developments for more than half a century. Since more extensive and advanced neutrino experiments are under construction, being planned or proposed, we are striving toward an era of precise and comprehensive measurement of solar neutrinos in the next decades. In this article, we review recent theoretical and experimental progress achieved in solar neutrino physics. We present not only an introduction to neutrinos from the standard solar model and the standard flavor evolution, but also a compilation of a variety of new physics that could affect and hence be probed by solar neutrinos. After reviewing the latest techniques and issues involved in the measurement of solar neutrino spectra and background reduction, we provide our anticipation on the physics gains from the new generation of neutrino experiments.

作为一个免费的、密集的、很少互动的、方向性好的信使，太阳中微子半个多世纪以来，它一直在推动太阳物理学和中微子物理学的发展。由于更广泛和更先进的中微子实验正在建设、计划或提议中，我们正在努力在未来几十年内实现对太阳中微子的精确和全面测量的时代。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了太阳中微子物理学最近取得的理论和实验进展。我们不仅介绍了来自标准太阳模型和标准味演化的中微子，而且还汇编了各种可能影响太阳中微子并因此被太阳中微子探测的新物理学。在回顾了太阳中微子光谱测量和背景降低中涉及的最新技术和问题之后，