Growing CO₂ emissions from the chemical industry are causing a range of environmental problems, and there is an urgent need for innovation in carbon capture technology. In this paper, the effect of the gas cyclone–liquid jet separator for absorbing CO₂ gas is studied. Using MDEA, MEA, DEA, AMP, PZ, and other solutions and their mixtures as absorbents, the absorption performance of absorbents for CO₂ gas was studied. The influence of various process parameters on the absorption efficiency of CO₂ gas was mainly investigated, and the effect and feasibility of CO₂ absorption by the gas cyclone–liquid jet separator were studied. The experimental results show that adding a suitable activator to the MDEA solution is beneficial to improve the absorption effect of CO₂, and the absorption efficiency can reach more than 97%. The absorption efficiency of 3.3mol·L⁻¹ MEA solution can reach 97.99%, which can meet various carbon emission requirements. The research provides technical guidance for absorbing carbon dioxide to achieve carbon neutrality.