Microenvironments of the catalytic center, which play a vital role in adjusting electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) activity, have received increasing attention during the past few years. However, controllable microenvironment construction and the effects of multi-microenvironment variations for improving ECO2RR performance remain unclear. Herein, we summarize the representative strategies for tuning the catalyst and local microenvironments to enhance ECO2RR selectivity and activity. The multifactor synergetic effects of microenvironment regulation for enhancing CO2 accessibility, stabilizing key intermediates, and improving the performance of ECO2RR catalysts are discussed in detail, as well as perspectives on the challenges when investigating ECO2RR microenvironments. We anticipate that the discussions in this review will inspire further research in microenvironment engineering to accelerate the development of the ECO2RR for practical application.

中文翻译：

---

调节微环境以提高 CO2 电还原性能


催化中心的微环境在调节电催化 CO2 还原反应 （ECO2RR） 活性方面起着至关重要的作用，在过去几年中受到越来越多的关注。然而，可控的微环境构建和多微环境变化对提高 ECO2RR 性能的影响仍不清楚。在此，我们总结了调整催化剂和局部微环境以提高 ECO2RR 选择性和活性的代表性策略。详细讨论了微环境调节对提高 CO2 可及性、稳定关键中间体和提高 ECO2RR 催化剂性能的多因素协同效应，并展望了研究 ECO2RR 微环境时面临的挑战。我们预计本综述中的讨论将激发微环境工程的进一步研究，以加速 ECO2RR 的实际应用开发。