遗传多样性如何通过易位从异位转移到原位？欧洲水貂转移到爱沙尼亚希乌马岛的案例研究,Zoo Biology

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遗传多样性如何通过易位从异位转移到原位？欧洲水貂转移到爱沙尼亚希乌马岛的案例研究
Zoo Biology ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2023-03-15 , DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21763
Grete Nummert _{1,

2} , Kristel Nemvalts ₁ , Tiit Maran _{1,

2,

3}

Affiliation

欧洲水貂（Mustela lutreola）是受威胁最严重的小型食肉动物之一，在世界自然保护联盟红色名录中被列为极度濒危物种。塔林动物园于 1980 年开始开展保护性繁殖业务，并于 1992 年纳入欧洲水貂 EEP 计划，以维持圈养种群的人口和遗传健康。自 2000 年以来，水貂每年都会从动物园的繁殖设施转移到希乌马岛（爱沙尼亚），直到 2016 年形成野生岛屿种群。保持圈养种群健康的遗传结构是首要任务，因此遗传因素根据种群管理计划的计算，最不有价值的动物被用于易地。本研究旨在评估从异地种群传递到岛屿种群的遗传多样性数量。通过线粒体、微卫星和核标记对遗传多样性进行比较。此外，我们的结果与欧洲水貂 EEP 谱系簿的系谱数据相结合，进一步评估从创始种群到已建立的野生种群的遗传多样性流动。研究结果显示，岛屿种群的等位基因丰富度与始祖种群相当，没有发现证据表明其遗传结构与始祖种群存在差异。看来岛上人口的形成是一个渐进的过程，不过是最近七年的易迁。

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How was genetic diversity transferred with translocations from ex situ to in situ? A case study of the European mink translocation to Hiiumaa Island in Estonia

The European mink (Mustela lutreola) is one of the most threatened small carnivores, listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Tallinn Zoo started a conservation breeding operation in 1980, which in 1992 was shaped into the European mink EEP Program to maintain a demographically and genetically healthy population in captivity. Since 2000, mink have been translocated on a yearly basis from the breeding facility in the zoo to Hiiumaa Island (Estonia) until the formation of the wild island population in 2016. Maintaining a healthy genetic structure in a captive population was a priority, so genetically the least valuable animals, according to calculations made by a population management program, were used for translocation. This study aims to assess the amount of genetic diversity passed from an ex situ population on to the island population. Comparisons of the genetic diversity were made by mitochondrial, microsatellite and nuclear markers. In addition, our results were combined with the pedigree data from the European mink EEP Studbook to further evaluate the flow of genetic diversity from the founder population to the established wild population. According to the findings, the island population's allelic richness was comparable to that of the founder population, and no evidence was found that its genetic structure had diverged from that of the founder population. It seems that the formation of the island population has been a gradual process of no more than the last seven yearly translocations.

更新日期：2023-03-15

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