In this article, I investigate the effect of landholding inequalities on the democratization process in nineteenth-century France. I focus on the 1849 election, which followed the establishment of the Second Republic (1848–1851), and on the first six elections of the Third Republic (1870–1940), which took place between 1876 and 1893. I find that stronger landholding inequalities were associated to a lower support for the Republicans, and therefore constituted a threat to the consolidation of democracy. I provide evidence that large landowners resisted the establishment of democracy by influencing the electoral behavior of economically dependent agricultural workers.

中文翻译：

---

土地占有不平等与民主的巩固：来自 19 世纪法国的证据

在这篇文章中，我调查了土地占有不平等对 19 世纪法国民主化进程的影响。我重点关注第二共和国（1848-1851）建立之后的 1849 年选举，以及 1876 年至 1893 年间举行的第三共和国（1870-1940）的前六次选举。我发现更强的土地所有权不平等与共和党的支持率较低有关，因此对巩固民主构成威胁。我提供的证据表明，大地主通过影响依赖经济的农业工人的选举行为来抵制民主制度的建立。