Arctostaphylos（杜鹃花科）果实的形态和生态变异：植物生态学与动物觅食行为之间的联系,Ecology and Evolution

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Arctostaphylos（杜鹃花科）果实的形态和生态变异：植物生态学与动物觅食行为之间的联系
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-03-15 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9801
Rebecca E Crowe _{1,

2} , V Thomas Parker ₁

Affiliation

持久性土壤种子库是地中海气候加利福尼亚植物省的Arctostaphylos （杜鹃花科）物种的特征。虽然大多数物种都是专性播种者，但所有Arctostaphylos物种的林分再生最终取决于火灾后幼苗的补充。Arctostaphylos种子库在很大程度上是由分散囤积的啮齿动物创建的。因此，预计果实形态的变化会影响Arctostaphylos–啮齿动物互动。种子产生足够的奖励（营养成熟的胚胎）以引诱啮齿动物分散并最终将种子埋在土壤中。坚硬的种皮增加了提取胚胎所需的时间，鼓励啮齿动物选择储存而不是立即捕食，而小坚果经常是空的。我们评估了 38 种Arctostaphylos 的果实小坚果融合和种子活力的变化类群。还分析了纬度、海拔、生活史、倍性和系统发育位置等因素。广义混合效应模型用于确定导致果实小坚果融合和种子活力变化的因素。我们的结果表明，果实体积和形状是影响小坚果融合和种子活力的最重要变量。此外，其他潜在影响仅显示出弱相关性，预计不会显着影响小坚果融合或种子活力。这些发现提供了对植物用于通过分散囤积啮齿动物提高繁殖成功率的进化策略的见解。我们的研究有利于Arctostaphylos的保护和恢复坚持强调动物介导的传播的重要性，并提供不同物种种子活力的估计。由于气候变化的预期影响，例如历史火灾制度的背离，保护植物和动物觅食者之间的关系对于Arctostaphylos和加利福尼亚常绿丛林的持续生存至关重要。

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The morphological and ecological variation of Arctostaphylos (Ericaceae) fruit: A link between plant ecology and animal foraging behavior

Persistent soil seed banks are characteristic of Arctostaphylos (Ericaceae) species in the Mediterranean-climate California Floristic Province. While most species are obligate seeders, regeneration of stands of all Arctostaphylos species ultimately depends on post-fire seedling recruitment. Arctostaphylos seed banks are created, in large part, by scatter-hoarding rodents. Variation in fruit morphology, therefore, is expected to impact the Arctostaphylos–rodent interaction. Seeds produce sufficient rewards (nutritious mature embryo) to entice rodents to disperse and ultimately bury seeds in the soil. Hard seed coats increase the time required to extract the embryo, encouraging rodents to choose storage over immediate predation, and nutlets are frequently empty. We assessed the variation of fruit nutlet fusion and seed viability among 38 Arctostaphylos taxa. Factors such as latitude, elevation, life history, ploidy, and phylogenetic position were also analyzed. Generalized mixed-effects models were used to determine the factors contributing to variation in fruit nutlet fusion and seed viability. Our results indicate that fruit volume and shape are the most important variables affecting nutlet fusion and seed viability. Additionally, other potential influences only show a weak correlation and are not predicted to significantly impact nutlet fusion or seed viability. These findings provide insights into evolved strategies used by plants to increase reproductive success via scatter-hoarding rodents. Our study benefits the conservation and restoration of Arctostaphylos stands by emphasizing the importance of animal-mediated dispersal and providing estimates of seed viability for different species. With the anticipated effects of climate change, such as departures from historic fire regimes, the preservation of the relationship between plants and animal foragers is crucial for the continued survival of Arctostaphylos and California's evergreen chaparral.

更新日期：2023-03-16

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