Hydrogels have entered the spotlight for applications in soft electronics. It is essential and challenging to obtain hydrogels that can function properly under varying environmental circumstances, that is, 30–90% relative humidity (RH) and −20 to 40 °C due to their intrinsic nature to lose and absorb water upon variations in humidity and temperature. In this work, a green solvent, solketal, is introduced into poly 3-dimethyl-2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl azaniumyl propane-1-sulfonate (poly(DMAPS)) zwitterionic hydrogels. Compared to glycerol, solketal endows hydrogels with greater possibility for further modification as well as improved water content and mechanical performance consistency over 30–90% RH. Encouragingly, the optimized hydrogel demonstrates its unique merits as a dielectric layer in iontronic sensors, featuring non-leaky ions, high sensitivity (1100 kPa⁻¹), wide humidity, and temperature range applicability. A wide-humidity range healable and stretchable electrode is attained by combining the hydrogel substrate with Ag paste. A full-device healable and highly-sensitive sensor is developed. This study is a pioneering work that tackles the broad humidity range applicability issue of hydrogels, and demonstrates the ion-leakage-free ionic skins with zwitterionic dielectrics. The outcomes of the study will considerably promote advancements in the fields of hydrogel electronics and iontronic sensors.

中文翻译：

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适用于宽湿度范围、防冻和可修复的两性离子水凝胶，用于无离子泄漏的 Iontronic 传感器

水凝胶已成为软电子应用的焦点。获得能够在不同环境条件下正常工作的水凝胶是必不可少的和具有挑战性的，即 30-90% 相对湿度 (RH) 和 -20 至 40 °C，因为它们在湿度变化时失去和吸收水的固有性质和温度。在这项工作中，将绿色溶剂 solketal 引入到聚 3-二甲基-2-(2-甲基丙基-2-烯酰氧基)乙基氮杂鎓基丙烷-1-磺酸盐 (聚 (DMAPS)) 两性离子水凝胶中。与甘油相比，缩酮醇赋予水凝胶更大的进一步改性的可能性，以及在 30-90% RH 范围内提高水含量和机械性能一致性。令人鼓舞的是，优化后的水凝胶展示了其作为离子传感器中介电层的独特优点，具有无泄漏离子，⁻¹ )、宽湿度、温度范围适用性。通过将水凝胶基底与银浆结合，可获得宽湿度范围内可修复和可拉伸的电极。开发了一种全设备可修复且高灵敏度的传感器。这项研究是一项开创性的工作，它解决了水凝胶在广泛的湿度范围内的适用性问题，并展示了具有两性离子电介质的无离子泄漏的离子皮肤。该研究的结果将大大促进水凝胶电子学和离子电子传感器领域的进步。