ABSTRACT

Polynesian societies have long framed discussions of chiefdoms. Often, these discussions treat Polynesia as a relatively homogenous region. Despite this, substantial variability in political forms developed in the region that came to affect the structure and nature of archaeologically attested past communities. Here we use two case studies to highlight these patterns: the Manuʻa group in West Polynesia and Moʻorea Island in East Polynesia. We demonstrate how a dualism in chieftainship based on the ideological flexibility of mana, defined loosely as active power, was used in each place, giving rise to different patterns of settlement and economic activities. This dualism intersects with archaeological models of corporate versus network power strategies. Elements of both strategies are evident in each of our case studies but to different degrees. Power strategies in Manuʻa are argued here to be more corporate, while those in Moʻorea were more exclusive.

摘要

波利尼西亚社会长期以来一直在讨论酋长管辖地。通常，这些讨论将波利尼西亚视为一个相对同质的地区。尽管如此，该地区政治形式的巨大变化影响了考古证实的过去社区的结构和性质。在这里，我们使用两个案例研究来强调这些模式：西波利尼西亚的马努阿岛和东波利尼西亚的莫雷阿岛。我们展示了酋长制的二元论如何基于法力的意识形态灵活性广义地定义为主动力量，在每个地方都被使用，从而产生了不同的定居和经济活动模式。这种二元论与企业与网络权力战略的考古模型相交叉。这两种策略的要素在我们的每个案例研究中都很明显，但程度不同。马努阿的权力战略被认为更具企业性，而莫雷阿岛的权力战略则更具排他性。