The family of vanadium chalcogenides with variable stoichiometry and abundant crystallographic structures are promising platforms for realizing exotic emergent phenomena. Here, we report on a novel two-dimensional (2D) tetragonal structure of vanadium telluride (VTe) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The atomic structures and electronic properties are revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy and first-principles calculations. Different from the hexagonal or trigonal lattices of 2D VTe₂, the 2D VTe with a V:Te ratio of 1:1 exhibits an uncommon square lattice. Non-zero differential conductivity at the Fermi energy detected by scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals the metallic feature of VTe. Meanwhile, Friedel oscillations are observed near chiral point defects and domain walls, illustrating the itinerant nature of the electrons close to the Fermi energy. Our first-principles structure searches identify a 2D body-centered cubic (bcc)-like structure with a favorable formation energy to be the candidate of the metallic phase of the tetragonal VTe obtained experimentally. Based on our calculations the 2D bcc-like structure possesses a strong 2D antiferromagnetic order. Our work enriches the family of vanadium chalcogenides and provides a possible 2D antiferromagnetic material for fabricating advanced spintronic devices.

具有可变化学计量和丰富晶体结构的钒硫族化物家族是实现奇异涌现现象的有前途的平台。在这里，我们报告了一种通过分子束外延生长的新型二维 (2D) 四方结构的碲化钒 (VTe)。通过扫描隧道显微镜和第一性原理计算揭示了原子结构和电子特性。不同于二维VTe _{2的六方或三角晶格}，V：Te 比率为 1：1 的 2D VTe 表现出不常见的方形晶格。通过扫描隧道光谱检测到的费米能量下的非零微分电导率揭示了 VTe 的金属特征。同时，在手性点缺陷和畴壁附近观察到弗里德尔振荡，说明了接近费米能量的电子的巡回性质。我们的第一性原理结构搜索确定了具有有利形成能的 2D 体心立方 (bcc) 样结构，作为实验获得的四方 VTe 金属相的候选。根据我们的计算，二维 bcc 类结构具有很强的二维反铁磁有序。我们的工作丰富了钒硫属元素化物家族，并为制造先进的自旋电子器件提供了一种可能的二维反铁磁材料。