This study demonstrates a means of shape morphing planar membrane-type electronic devices into three-dimensional (3D) structures with various Gaussian curvatures using a plastic-elastomer supportive framework consisting of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) lines with tensile stress inside an Ecoflex film. The plastic part, created by extrusion shear printing (ESP), provides the driving force for shape morphing upon thermal annealing, whereas the elastomer part provides a base to mount membrane-type electronic devices and allows a comparably large degree of deformation. To ensure reliable interfacial adhesion in the plastic-elastomer framework, the ABS lines are treated with an allyl-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) for chemical bonding to the Ecoflex layer. To determine control parameters for reliable shape morphing, the annealing conditions (e.g., temperature and time), the printing conditions (e.g., shear rate and pitch), and relative thicknesses of the ABS/Ecoflex are examined. Based on these findings, various 3D structures, including bent, cone, saddle, and dome shapes, can be generated from planar forms using ABS-Ecoflex frameworks, which are also predicted by a mechanical finite element method (FEM) simulation. Furthermore, a metal electrode and a membrane-type indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) transistor array are successfully mounted on ABS-Ecoflex frameworks and transformed into curvilinear structures without electrical failure.

本研究展示了一种将平面膜型电子设备的形状变形为具有各种高斯曲率的三维 (3D) 结构的方法，该结构使用由丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯 (ABS) 线组成的塑料弹性体支撑框架，在 Ecoflex 内部具有拉伸应力电影。通过挤压剪切打印 (ESP) 创建的塑料部件为热退火时的形状变形提供了驱动力，而弹性体部件为安装薄膜型电子设备提供了基础，并允许相对较大程度的变形。为确保塑料-弹性体框架中可靠的界面粘合，ABS 线经过烯丙基封端的自组装单层 (SAM) 处理，以化学键合到 Ecoflex 层。为了确定可靠形状变形的控制参数，退火条件（例如，温度和时间）、印刷条件（例如，剪切率和间距）以及 ABS/Ecoflex 的相对厚度都进行了检查。基于这些发现，可以使用 ABS-Ecoflex 框架从平面形式生成各种 3D 结构，包括弯曲、锥形、鞍形和圆顶形状，这也可以通过机械有限元法 (FEM) 模拟进行预测。此外，金属电极和膜型氧化铟镓锌 (IGZO) 晶体管阵列成功安装在 ABS-Ecoflex 框架上，并在没有电气故障的情况下转变为曲线结构。和圆顶形状，可以使用 ABS-Ecoflex 框架从平面形式生成，这也可以通过机械有限元法 (FEM) 模拟进行预测。此外，金属电极和膜型氧化铟镓锌 (IGZO) 晶体管阵列成功安装在 ABS-Ecoflex 框架上，并在没有电气故障的情况下转变为曲线结构。和圆顶形状，可以使用 ABS-Ecoflex 框架从平面形式生成，这也可以通过机械有限元法 (FEM) 模拟进行预测。此外，金属电极和膜型氧化铟镓锌 (IGZO) 晶体管阵列成功安装在 ABS-Ecoflex 框架上，并在没有电气故障的情况下转变为曲线结构。