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Scorpionfish rapidly change colour in response to their background
Frontiers in Zoology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2023-03-03 , DOI: 10.1186/s12983-023-00488-x
Leonie John 1 , Matteo Santon 1, 2 , Nico K Michiels 1
Affiliation  

To facilitate background matching in heterogenous environments, some animals rapidly change body colouration. Marine predatory fishes might use this ability to hide from predators and prey. Here, we focus on scorpionfishes (Scorpaenidae), well-camouflaged, bottom-dwelling sit-and-wait predators. We tested whether Scorpaena maderensis and Scorpaena porcus adjust body luminance and hue in response to three artificial backgrounds and thereby achieve background matching. Both scorpionfish species are also red fluorescent, which could contribute to background matching at depth. Therefore, we tested whether red fluorescence is also regulated in response to different backgrounds. The darkest and the lightest backgrounds were grey, while the third background was orange of intermediate luminance. Scorpionfish were placed on all three backgrounds in a randomised repeated measures design. We documented changes in scorpionfish luminance and hue with image analysis and calculated contrast to the backgrounds. Changes were quantified from the visual perspective of two potential prey fishes, the triplefin Tripterygion delaisi and the goby Pomatoschistus flavescens. Additionally, we measured changes in the area of scorpionfish red fluorescence. Because scorpionfish changed quicker than initially expected, we measured luminance change at a higher temporal resolution in a second experiment. Both scorpionfish species rapidly adjusted luminance and hue in response to a change of background. From prey visual perspective, scorpionfishes’ body achromatic and chromatic contrasts against the background were high, indicating imperfect background matching. Chromatic contrasts differed considerably between the two observer species, highlighting the importance of choosing natural observers with care when studying camouflage. Scorpionfish displayed larger areas of red fluorescence with increasing luminance of the background. With the second experiment, we showed that about 50% of the total luminance change observed after one minute is achieved very rapidly, in five to ten seconds. Both scorpionfish species change body luminance and hue in response to different backgrounds within seconds. While the achieved background matching was suboptimal for the artificial backgrounds, we propose that the observed changes were intended to reduce detectability, and are an essential strategy to camouflage in the natural environment.

中文翻译:

蝎子鱼会根据背景迅速改变颜色

为了促进异质环境中的背景匹配,一些动物会迅速改变身体颜色。海洋掠食性鱼类可能会利用这种能力来躲避捕食者和猎物。在这里,我们关注的是蝎子鱼 (Scorpaenidae),它们是伪装良好的底栖捕食者。我们测试了马氏蝎子和猪蝎子是否会根据三种人工背景调整身体亮度和色调,从而实现背景匹配。两种蝎子鱼都发出红色荧光,这可能有助于深度背景匹配。因此,我们测试了红色荧光是否也响应不同的背景而受到调节。最暗和最亮的背景是灰色的,而第三个背景是中等亮度的橙色。在随机重复测量设计中,蝎子鱼被放置在所有三个背景上。我们通过图像分析记录了蝎子鱼亮度和色调的变化,并计算了与背景的对比度。从两种潜在猎物的视觉角度对变化进行了量化,三鳍雷公鱼和虾虎鱼 Pomatoschistus flavescens。此外,我们还测量了蝎子红色荧光区域的变化。因为蝎子鱼的变化比最初预期的要快,所以我们在第二个实验中以更高的时间分辨率测量了亮度变化。两种蝎子鱼都会根据背景的变化迅速调整亮度和色调。从猎物的视觉角度来看,蝎子鱼的身体与背景的消色差和彩色对比度很高,表明背景匹配不完美。两种观察者物种之间的色彩对比差异很大,凸显了在研究伪装时谨慎选择自然观察者的重要性。随着背景亮度的增加,蝎子鱼显示出更大面积的红色荧光。在第二个实验中,我们发现一分钟后观察到的总亮度变化的大约 50% 是在五到十秒内非常迅速地实现的。两种蝎子鱼都会在几秒钟内改变身体亮度和色调以响应不同的背景。虽然实现的背景匹配对于人工背景来说不是最优的,但我们建议观察到的变化旨在降低可检测性,并且是在自然环境中伪装的基本策略。强调在研究伪装时谨慎选择自然观察者的重要性。随着背景亮度的增加,蝎子鱼显示出更大面积的红色荧光。在第二个实验中,我们发现一分钟后观察到的总亮度变化的大约 50% 是在五到十秒内非常迅速地实现的。两种蝎子鱼都会在几秒钟内改变身体亮度和色调以响应不同的背景。虽然实现的背景匹配对于人工背景来说不是最优的,但我们建议观察到的变化旨在降低可检测性,并且是在自然环境中伪装的基本策略。强调在研究伪装时谨慎选择自然观察者的重要性。随着背景亮度的增加,蝎子鱼显示出更大面积的红色荧光。在第二个实验中,我们发现一分钟后观察到的总亮度变化的大约 50% 是在五到十秒内非常迅速地实现的。两种蝎子鱼都会在几秒钟内改变身体亮度和色调以响应不同的背景。虽然实现的背景匹配对于人工背景来说不是最优的,但我们建议观察到的变化旨在降低可检测性,并且是在自然环境中伪装的基本策略。随着背景亮度的增加,蝎子鱼显示出更大面积的红色荧光。在第二个实验中,我们发现一分钟后观察到的总亮度变化的大约 50% 是在五到十秒内非常迅速地实现的。两种蝎子鱼都会在几秒钟内改变身体亮度和色调以响应不同的背景。虽然实现的背景匹配对于人工背景来说不是最优的,但我们建议观察到的变化旨在降低可检测性,并且是在自然环境中伪装的基本策略。随着背景亮度的增加,蝎子鱼显示出更大面积的红色荧光。在第二个实验中,我们发现一分钟后观察到的总亮度变化的大约 50% 是在五到十秒内非常迅速地实现的。两种蝎子鱼都会在几秒钟内改变身体亮度和色调以响应不同的背景。虽然实现的背景匹配对于人工背景来说不是最优的,但我们建议观察到的变化旨在降低可检测性,并且是在自然环境中伪装的基本策略。两种蝎子鱼都会在几秒钟内改变身体亮度和色调以响应不同的背景。虽然实现的背景匹配对于人工背景来说不是最优的,但我们建议观察到的变化旨在降低可检测性,并且是在自然环境中伪装的基本策略。两种蝎子鱼都会在几秒钟内改变身体亮度和色调以响应不同的背景。虽然实现的背景匹配对于人工背景来说不是最优的,但我们建议观察到的变化旨在降低可检测性,并且是在自然环境中伪装的基本策略。
更新日期:2023-03-03
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