Indolo[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloids have drawn a growing interest in recent years owing to their potential electrical and optical properties. With 5,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-a]carbazole serving as the scaffold, two novel carbazole derivatives are synthesized in this study. Both compounds are extremely soluble in water, with solubility surpassing 7% in weight. Intriguingly, the introduction of aromatic substituents contributed to drastically reduce the π-stacking ability of carbazole derivatives, while the presence of the sulfonic acid groups enables the resulting carbazoles remarkably soluble in water, allowing them to be used as especially efficient water-soluble PIs in conjunction with co-initiators, i.e., triethanolamine and the iodonium salt, respectively, employed as electron donor and acceptor. Surprisingly, multi-component photoinitiating systems based on these synthesized carbazole derivatives could be used for the in situ preparation of hydrogels containing silver nanoparticles via laser write procedure with a light emitting diode (LED)@405 nm as light source, and the produced hydrogels display antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.

中文翻译：

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5,12-二氢吲哚并[3,2-a]咔唑衍生物基水溶性光引发剂用于3D抗菌水凝胶的制备

近年来，吲哚[3,2- a ]咔唑生物碱由于其潜在的电学和光学性质而引起了越来越多的兴趣。本研究以5,12-二氢吲哚并[3,2- a ]咔唑为支架，合成了两种新型咔唑衍生物。这两种化合物极易溶于水，溶解度超过7%（重量）。有趣的是，芳香族取代基的引入大大降低了咔唑衍生物的π堆积能力，而磺酸基的存在使所得咔唑显着溶于水，使其可以用作特别有效的水溶性PI与共引发剂，即三乙醇胺和碘鎓盐结合，分别用作电子供体和受体。令人惊讶的是，基于这些合成咔唑衍生物的多组分光引发系统可用于通过以发光二极管（LED）@405 nm为光源的激光写入程序原位制备含有银纳米粒子的水凝胶，并且所产生的水凝胶显示对大肠杆菌有抗菌活性。