Emanuel Viebahn accounts for the distinction between lying and misleading in terms of what the speaker commits to, rather than in terms of what the speaker says, as on traditional accounts. Although this alternative type of account is well motivated, I argue that Viebahn does not adequately explain the commitment involved in lying. He explains the commitment in lying in terms of a responsibility to justify one's knowledge of a proposition one has communicated, which is in turn elaborated in terms of being able to consistently dismiss a challenge to justify that knowledge. But whether one can consistently dismiss such a challenge, as Viebahn defines this, depends on whether one is responsible for justifying one's knowledge. Without further specification of the nature of this justificatory responsibility, it is difficult to assess whether it is one that liars have but misleaders lack.

中文翻译：

---

说谎的承诺是什么

伊曼纽尔·维班 (Emanuel Viebahn) 根据说话者的承诺来解释说谎和误导之间的区别，而不是像传统说法那样根据说话者所说的内容。尽管这种替代类型的解释是有充分动机的，但我认为 Viebahn 没有充分解释说谎所涉及的承诺。他解释了说谎的承诺，即有责任证明一个人对所传达的命题的了解，而这反过来又在能够始终如一地驳回证明该知识合理的挑战方面进行了阐述。但是，正如 Viebahn 所定义的那样，一个人是否能够始终如一地拒绝这样的挑战，取决于一个人是否有责任证明自己的知识是正确的。在没有进一步说明这种正当责任的性质的情况下，