Carbonate minerals contain stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen with different masses whose abundances and bond arrangement are governed by thermodynamics. The clumped isotopic value Δi is a measure of the temperature-dependent preference of heavy C and O isotopes to clump, or bond with or near each other, rather than with light isotopes in the carbonate phase. Carbonate clumped isotope thermometry uses Δi values measured by mass spectrometry (Δ47, Δ48) or laser spectroscopy (Δ638) to reconstruct mineral growth temperature in surface and subsurface environments independent of parent water isotopic composition. Two decades of analytical and theoretical development have produced a mature temperature proxy that can estimate carbonate formation temperatures from 0.5 to 1,100°C, with up to 1–2°C external precision (2 standard error of the mean). Alteration of primary environmental temperatures by fluid-mediated and solid-state reactions and/or Δi values that reflect nonequilibrium isotopic fractionations reveal diagenetic history and/or mineralization processes. Carbonate clumped isotope thermometry has contributed significantly to geological and biological sciences, and it is poised to advance understanding of Earth's climate system, crustal processes, and growth environments of carbonate minerals. ▪Clumped heavy isotopes in carbonate minerals record robust temperatures and fluid compositions of ancient Earth surface and subsurface environments.▪Mature analytical methods enable carbonate clumped Δ47, Δ48, and Δ638 measurements to address diverse questions in geological and biological sciences.▪These methods are poised to advance marine and terrestrial paleoenvironment and paleoclimate, tectonics, deformation, hydrothermal, and mineralization studies.

中文翻译：

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碳酸盐集块同位素测温法的前沿


碳酸盐矿物含有不同质量的碳和氧的稳定同位素，其丰度和键排列受热力学控制。聚集同位素值 Δi 是重 C 和 O 同位素在碳酸盐相中聚集、相互结合或相互接近而不是与轻同位素的温度依赖性偏好的量度。碳酸盐聚集同位素测温法使用质谱法 （Δ47， Δ48） 或激光光谱法 （Δ638） 测量的 Δi 值来重建地表和地下环境中的矿物生长温度，而与母水同位素组成无关。二十年的分析和理论发展已经产生了一个成熟的温度代理，可以估计 0.5 至 1,100°C 的碳酸盐形成温度，外部精度高达 1-2°C（平均值的 2 个标准误差）。流体介导的反应和固态反应对原生环境温度的改变和/或反映非平衡同位素分馏的 Δi 值揭示了成岩历史和/或矿化过程。碳酸盐集聚同位素测温法为地质和生物科学做出了重大贡献，有望促进对地球气候系统、地壳过程和碳酸盐矿物生长环境的理解。▪碳酸盐矿物中的团块重同位素记录了古代地球表面和地下环境的稳健温度和流体成分。▪成熟的分析方法使碳酸盐团块 Δ47、Δ48 和 Δ638 测量能够解决地质和生物科学中的各种问题。▪这些方法有望推进海洋和陆地古环境和古气候、构造、变形、热液和矿化研究。