Fabricating nanofiltration membranes with high water permeance and selectivity is crucial to efficient water purification. However, achieving such a goal with a simple and cost-effective approach that is compatible with existing membrane manufacturing infrastructure remains a substantial technical challenge. Here we show a strategy of nanoemulsion-regulated interfacial polymerization (NERIP) based on nanovehicle-assisted monomer shuttling for fabricating highly permeable and selective nanofiltration membranes. In NERIP, the nanovehicles, which are surfactant-stabilized oil droplets (in water) enriched with piperazine (PIP), enter and merge into the hexane phase to initiate the polymerization between PIP and trimesoyl chloride. This nanovehicle-assisted monomer shuttling results in the formation of polyamide ‘bubbles’ that later collapse into nanocraters. The nanocrater structure substantially increases the surface area and void fraction of the polyamide layer. The PIP shuttling also accelerates the polymerization reaction, enabling the formation of a thin and highly cross-linked polyamide layer with a more uniform pore size distribution. These structural superiorities yield an unprecedentedly high performance with a water permeance of 36.8 ± 1.9 l m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹ and a Na₂SO₄ rejection of 99.6 ± 0.1%. NERIP creates a new dimension to fabricate highly permeable and selective nanofiltration membranes for desalination and water purification.

制造具有高透水性和选择性的纳滤膜对于高效水净化至关重要。然而，通过与现有膜制造基础设施兼容的简单且具有成本效益的方法实现这一目标仍然是一项重大的技术挑战。在这里，我们展示了一种基于纳米载体辅助单体穿梭的纳米乳液调节界面聚合 (NERIP) 策略，用于制造高渗透性和选择性纳滤膜。在 NERIP 中，纳米载体是富含哌嗪 (PIP) 的表面活性剂稳定油滴（在水中），进入并合并到己烷相中以引发 PIP 和均苯三甲酰氯之间的聚合。这种纳米载体辅助的单体穿梭导致聚酰胺“气泡”的形成，这些气泡随后坍塌成纳米陨石坑。纳米坑结构大大增加了聚酰胺层的表面积和空隙率。PIP 穿梭还加速了聚合反应，从而能够形成具有更均匀孔径分布的薄且高度交联的聚酰胺层。这些结构优势产生了前所未有的高性能，透水率为 36.8 ± 1.9 l m^-2 h ^-1 bar ^-1和 99.6 ± 0.1% 的 Na ₂ SO ₄截留率。NERIP 开创了制造用于海水淡化和水净化的高渗透性和选择性纳滤膜的新维度。