Fully Methylammonium-Free Stable Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells Processed under Humid Air Conditions,ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

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Fully Methylammonium-Free Stable Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells Processed under Humid Air Conditions
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-02-28 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23134
Kun Wang _{1,

2} , Jiangwei Huo ₃ , Li Cao ₂ , Peihui Yang ₂ , Peter Müller-Buschbaum _{4,

5} , Yu Tong ₃ , Hongqiang Wang ₃

Affiliation

Fabricating perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in ambient air condition is beneficial for lowering the processing cost and boosting the commercialization. Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI₃) is an attractive candidate for efficient PSCs; however, it easily suffers from degradation and phase transition in the presence of ambient moisture. Methylammonium (MA) cation is commonly incorporated to stabilize FAPbI₃, whereas the residual MA tends to deteriorate the thermal and operational stability. Herein, we report a MA-free strategy to fabricate high-quality α-FAPbI₃ films and inverted PSCs under open air conditions with a relative humidity (RH) of 60 ± 10%. The incorporation of phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) effectively inhibits the decomposition and phase transition of FAPbI₃ during its crystallization in humid air. Accordingly, phase-pure α-FAPbI₃ perovskite films with significantly reduced δ-FAPbI₃ and PbI₂ content are successfully obtained. In addition, introducing PEAI strongly enhances the crystallinity of FAPbI₃ perovskite films, thereby yielding enlarged grain sizes and reduced grain boundaries. Defects at the grain boundaries and surface are further passivated by PEAI addition, so that the trap state density is significantly decreased. As a result, the non-radiative recombination is effectively suppressed and the charge carrier transport is promoted. The inverted device optimized with a suitable PEAI concentration exhibits an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.83%, which significantly surpasses the control device (12.29% PCE). Moreover, the PEAI optimized FAPbI₃ PSCs demonstrate strongly improved long-term stability, with nearly 97% PCE maintained after 27-day storage under ambient conditions. This work provides a feasible way to fabricate PSCs in ambient air for promoting their wide range of applications.

中文翻译：

在潮湿空气条件下处理的完全不含甲基铵的稳定甲脒碘化铅钙钛矿太阳能电池

在环境空气条件下制造钙钛矿太阳能电池 (PSC) 有利于降低加工成本和促进商业化。甲脒碘化铅 (FAPbI ₃ ) 是高效 PSC 的有吸引力的候选者；然而，它很容易在环境水分存在的情况下发生降解和相变。通常掺入甲基铵 (MA) 阳离子以稳定 FAPbI ₃，而残留的 MA 往往会降低热稳定性和操作稳定性。在此，我们报告了一种制造高质量 α-FAPbI _{3的无 MA 策略}相对湿度 (RH) 为 60 ± 10% 的开放空气条件下的薄膜和倒置 PSC。_{苯乙基碘化铵 (PEAI) 的加入有效地抑制了 FAPbI 3}在潮湿空气中结晶过程中的分解和相变。因此，成功获得了δ-FAPbI ₃和PbI ₂含量显着降低的相纯α-FAPbI _{3钙钛矿薄膜。}此外，PEAI的引入极大地提高了FAPbI _{3的结晶度}钙钛矿薄膜，从而产生更大的晶粒尺寸和更小的晶界。PEAI的添加进一步钝化了晶界和表面的缺陷，从而使陷阱态密度显着降低。结果，有效地抑制了非辐射复合并促进了电荷载流子传输。用合适的 PEAI 浓度优化的反向装置表现出 17.83% 的增强功率转换效率 (PCE)，显着超过控制装置 (12.29% PCE)。此外，PEAI 优化了 FAPbI ₃PSC 表现出显着改善的长期稳定性，在环境条件下储存 27 天后可保持近 97% 的 PCE。这项工作为在环境空气中制造 PSC 提供了一种可行的方法，以促进其广泛的应用。

更新日期：2023-02-28

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