Glucose sensing devices have experienced significant progress in the last years in response to the demand for cost-effective monitoring. Thus, research efforts have been focused on achieving reliable, selective, and sensitive sensors able to monitor the glucose level in different biofluids. The development of enzyme-based devices is challenged by poor stability, time-consuming, and complex purification procedures, facts that have given rise to the synthesis of enzyme-free sensors. Recent advances focus on the use of different components: metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon nanomaterials, or metal oxides. Motivated by this topic, several reviews have been published addressing the sensor materials and synthesis methods, gathering relevant information for the development of new nanostructures. However, the abundant information has not concluded yet in commercial devices and is not useful from an engineering point of view. The dependence of the electrode response on its physico-chemical nature, which would determine the selection and optimization of the materials and synthesis method, remains an open question. Thus, this review aims to critically analyze from an engineering vision the existing information on non-enzymatic glucose electrodes; the analysis is performed linking the response in terms of sensitivity when interferences are present, stability, and response under physiological conditions to the electrode characteristics.

中文翻译：

---

非酶电极特性对葡萄糖检测响应的影响研究进展：综述（2016-2022）

为了满足对具有成本效益的监测的需求，葡萄糖传感设备在过去几年取得了重大进展。因此，研究工作一直集中在实现可靠、选择性和灵敏的传感器上，这些传感器能够监测不同生物流体中的葡萄糖水平。基于酶的设备的开发受到稳定性差、耗时和复杂纯化程序的挑战，这些事实导致了无酶传感器的合成。最近的进展集中在不同成分的使用上：金属有机框架 (MOF)、碳纳米材料或金属氧化物。受此主题的启发，发表了几篇关于传感器材料和合成方法的评论，收集了开发新纳米结构的相关信息。然而，丰富的信息尚未在商业设备中得出结论，从工程角度来看没有用。电极响应对其物理化学性质的依赖性，这将决定材料和合成方法的选择和优化，仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。因此，这篇综述旨在从工程学的角度批判性地分析非酶促葡萄糖电极的现有信息；该分析将存在干扰时的灵敏度响应、稳定性和生理条件下的响应与电极特性联系起来。这将决定材料和合成方法的选择和优化，仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。因此，这篇综述旨在从工程学的角度批判性地分析非酶促葡萄糖电极的现有信息；该分析将存在干扰时的灵敏度响应、稳定性和生理条件下的响应与电极特性联系起来。这将决定材料和合成方法的选择和优化，仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。因此，这篇综述旨在从工程学的角度批判性地分析非酶促葡萄糖电极的现有信息；该分析将存在干扰时的灵敏度响应、稳定性和生理条件下的响应与电极特性联系起来。