Considering the growing importance of natural colorants and sustainable products, the research on application of natural dyes has been focused on new color resources, identification, and standardization of natural dyes. Hence, the extraction of natural colorants available in Ziziphus bark was performed by ultrasound technique and its application on the wool yarn to produce the antioxidant and antibacterial fibers. The optimal conditions for the extraction process were as follows: ethanol/water (1/2 v/v) as solvent, concentration of Ziziphus dye 14 g/L, pH 9, temperature 50 °C, time 30 min, and L.R ratio 50:1. Moreover, the effect of important variables for application of Ziziphus dye on the wool yarn was investigated and optimized temperature 100 °C, concentration of Ziziphus dye 50% o.w.f., time for dyeing 60 min and pH 8, and L.R 30:1. The reduction values of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria on dyed samples at optimized condition were 85% and 76%, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant property of dyed sample was 78%. The color variations on the wool yarn were produced with diverse metal mordants, and color fastness properties were measured. Ziziphus dye not only can be used as an origin for a natural dye, but also provided the antibacterial and antioxidant agent on the wool yarn, which can be a step towards the fabrication of green products.

中文翻译：

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以枣树皮提取物为天然染料的羊毛染色：染色、抗菌和抗氧化特性的研究。

考虑到天然着色剂和可持续产品的重要性日益增加，天然染料应用的研究主要集中在天然染料的新颜色资源、鉴定和标准化等方面。因此，利用超声波技术提取枣树皮中的天然着色剂，并将其应用于羊毛纱线，以生产抗氧化和抗菌纤维。提取过程的最佳条件如下：乙醇/水（1/2 v/v）作为溶剂，Ziziphus 染料浓度 14 g/L，pH 值 9，温度 50 °C，时间 30 分钟，LR 比 50 ：1。此外，研究了金枣染料在毛纱上应用的重要变量的影响，并优化了温度 100 °C、金枣染料浓度 50% owf、染色时间 60 分钟和 pH 8，以及 LR 30:1。在优化条件下，染色样品上革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌的减少值分别为 85% 和 76%。此外，染色样品的抗氧化性能为78%。羊毛纱线的颜色变化是用不同的金属媒染剂产生的，并测量了色牢度。金枣染料不仅可以作为天然染料的原料，还可以为毛纱提供抗菌和抗氧化作用，为绿色产品的制造迈出一大步。