Under the umbrella of the ‘gender revolution’, scholars have theorized that greater gender-egalitarianism will lead to higher fertility in low-fertility countries, paying particular attention to how men and women perform their roles in the public and the private spheres. This relationship between fertility and gender-role attitudes has been the object of vibrant debates in Europe and other Western societies but less often in other world regions. We used data from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) for the four available Latin American countries -Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Venezuela- to explore the link between men’s and women’s gender-role attitudes and their fertility ideals. Overall, our results suggest not only that people with more egalitarian gender-role attitudes have a lower ideal number of children than less egalitarian individuals, even when controlling for other sociodemographic and economic factors, but also that, in general, women hold lower fertility ideals than men. These results lead to think that, if taking the gender revolution as a model, Latin America would be experiencing the first stage of the process. Yet, we found evidence for a different pace across Latin American subregions. We also conclude that the analysis is slightly sensitive to the gender-role measures used.

在“性别革命”的框架下，学者们提出了这样的理论：更大的性别平等主义将导致低生育率国家更高的生育率，并特别关注男性和女性如何在公共和私人领域发挥自己的作用。生育率与性别角色态度之间的关系一直是欧洲和其他西方社会激烈辩论的对象，但在世界其他地区则较少讨论。我们使用国际社会调查计划（ISSP）针对四个可用拉丁美洲国家（阿根廷、智利、墨西哥和委内瑞拉）的数据来探讨男性和女性的性别角色态度与其生育理想之间的联系。总体而言，我们的结果不仅表明，即使在控制其他社会人口和经济因素的情况下，具有更加平等的性别角色态度的人比不太平等的人拥有更低的理想子女数量，而且总体而言，女性的生育理想较低比男人。这些结果让人认为，如果以性别革命为模型，拉丁美洲将经历该过程的第一阶段。然而，我们发现拉丁美洲次区域的步伐不同的证据。我们还得出结论，该分析对所使用的性别角色测量稍微敏感。