Stacking two-dimensional nanosheets into laminar membranes to create nanochannels has attracted widespread attention at both fundamental and practical levels in separation technology. Constructing space-tunable and long-term stable sub-nanometre channels provides original systems for nanofluidic investigations and accurate molecular sieving. Here we report a scalable strategy for the preparation of non-swelling, covalently functionalized MoS₂ membranes with tunable cohesion energy and interlayer space ranging from 3.5 to 7.7 Å, depending on the nature of the functional groups attached to the MoS₂ nanosheets. We evaluated the relationship between the capillary width, surface chemistry, stacking disorder and sieving behaviour of the membranes in forwards osmosis (FO). By combining experimental investigations and numerical simulations, we determined that functionalization with aryl groups induces the formation of a capillary width of 7.1 Å and an interlayer stiffness as low as 5.6 eV Å⁻², leading to controlled stacking defects. We also report the fabrication of membranes with an area of up to 45 cm² that demonstrate a salt rejection as high as 94.2% for a continuous operating time of 7 days. Furthermore, the desalination strategy in FO has a specific energy consumption of 4 × 10⁻³ kWh m⁻³, which compares favourably with commercial FO membranes.

将二维纳米片堆叠成层流膜以创建纳米通道在分离技术的基础和实践层面引起了广泛关注。构建空间可调和长期稳定的亚纳米通道为纳米流体研究和精确分子筛分提供了原始系统。在这里，我们报告了一种可扩展的策略，用于制备非膨胀、共价功能化的 MoS ₂膜，其内聚能可调，层间空间范围为 3.5 至 7.7 Å，具体取决于与 MoS 2 相连的官能团的_性质纳米片。我们评估了正渗透 (FO) 中膜的毛细管宽度、表面化学、堆积紊乱和筛分行为之间的关系。通过结合实验研究和数值模拟，我们确定芳基的功能化会导致形成 7.1 Å 的毛细管宽度和低至 5.6 eV Å ^-2的层间刚度，从而导致受控的堆叠缺陷。我们还报告了面积达 45 cm ²的膜的制造，该膜在 7 天的连续运行时间内表现出高达 94.2% 的脱盐率。此外，FO 中的脱盐策略的能耗为 4 × 10 ^-3  kWh m ^-3，与商业 FO 膜相比毫不逊色。