The abuse of antibiotics has brought great harm to the human living environment and health, so it is extremely significant to develop an efficient and simple method to detect trace antibiotic residues in various wastewaters. Herein, a new two-dimensional (2D) Cd-based metal−organic framework (Cd-MOF, namely LCU-111) and its mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) is sifted as luminescence sensors for efficient monitoring antibiotic nitrofurazone (NFZ) in various aqueous systems and applied as visible fingerprint identifying. The LCU-111 has good selectivity, sensibility, reproducibility and anti-interference for luminescent quenching NFZ with low detection limits (LODs) of 0.4567, 0.3649 and 0.8071 ppm in aqueous solution, HEPES biological buffer, and real urban Tuhai River water, respectively. Interestingly, the luminescent test papers and MMMs allow the NFZ sensing easier and more rapid by naked eyes, only with a low LOD of 0.8117 ppm for MMMs sensor. Notably, by combining multiple experiments with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) quenching mechanism is further elucidated. More importantly, potential practical applications of LCU-111 for latent fingerprint visualization provide lifelike evidences for effective identification of individuals, which can be applied in criminal investigation.